Traits and Heredity

Traits and Heredity

Unit 4 Notes

Open Ended

What is heredity?

Genetics is

the study of Heredity

Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring

Traits

A trait is a specific characteristic inherited from an organism's parents.

Traits are inherited from your parents and can be expressed as homozygous or heterozygous

Genes are the combination of alleles you inherit from your parents.

Examples include:

• AA (homozygous dominant)

• aa (homozygous recessive)

• Aa (heterozygous)

Alleles

An allele is a different form of a gene.

Example: Genes for plant height can either be genes for a tall plant or genes for a short plant.

Multiple Choice

Which genotype is homozygous recessive?

• Bb

• BB

• bb

• brown eyes

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT an example of a phenotype?

• black fur

• blue eyes

• brown hair

• bb

Multiple Choice

Which genotype is homozygous dominant?

• Bb

• bb

• BB

• Dd

Multiple Choice

Which genotype is hetrozygous?

• Bb

• BB

• DD

• dd

Multiple Choice

Genetic instructions are passed from both parents to their...

• offspring

• organism

• organelle

• parents

Multiple Choice

The inherited traits of an organism is governed by...

• Mitochondria

• Genes

• Enzymes

• Cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

Which piece of genetic information looks like a long twisted/coiled ladder?

• Chromosome

• DNA

• ATP

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

Which choice is NOT true about genes?

• They are found in the nucleus.

• They are located on chromosomes.

• They provide energy to the cell.

• They provide genetic information for traits.

Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Organisms

In eukaryotic organisms, chromosomes are larger than in prokaryotes.

Eukaryotic Organisms

Eukaryotic DNA is linear with two distinct ends and codes for more proteins.

This means that eukaryotes lead to more diversity with trait expression than prokaryotes do.

Prokaryotes

In prokaryotic organisms, the chromosomes are covalently closed circles of DNA. This closed off structure leads to fewer proteins being made, and ultimately leads to fewer possible allele combinations. Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes tend to only have one chromosome per cell.

Multiple Choice

Eukaryotic cells are

• Unicellular

• Multiceullar

• Both - unicellular and multi-cellular

Multiple Choice

Prokaryotes are

• Unicellular - Made of ONE cell

• Multiceullular - made of many cells

Multiple Choice

Where is the DNA found in a prokaryotic cell? 

• floating around in the cytoplasm 
• in the nucleus 

Multiple Choice

Where is DNA found in a Eukaryotic cell?

• in the nucleus

• in the cell wall

• in the mitochondria

Multiple Choice

All of the following are Eukaryotic EXCEPT . . . .

• animal cells

• plant cells

• fungi

• bacteria

Multiple Choice

Eukaryotes are complex cells with a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which type of cell?

• Prokaryote
• Eukaryote

Multiple Choice

What is unicellular?

• one cell

• many cells

• no nuclues

• DNA