Changing Matter / Study Guide

Changing Matter / Study Guide

The particles in a substance move faster and further apart or slower and closer to one another. The movement of these particles is measured by their temperature. When heat is added to a substance, the particles move faster and farther apart. When heat is removed from a substance, the particles move slower and closer together.

When matter goes through a physical change, it can change states from a solid to a liquid to a gas, or from a gas to a liquid to a solid. As it changes states, the movement of particles also changes. The particles in an object or substance can move faster or slower, and they can move closer or farther apart from one another.

When heat is added to an object or substance, the temperature increases, and the particles move faster and farther apart. When heat is removed, the temperature decreases and the particles move slower and closer together. The particles in a gas move faster than those of a liquid. Just like adding heat to a solid ice cube will cause it to become liquid water, if you add enough heat to liquid water, the particles will move even faster and become steam.

Multiple Choice

Matter always changes from solid to liquid to gas. Once it is a gas, it is absorbed into the air.

Multiple Choice

When energy is removed from a substance, the particles ________.

• move closer together

• move slower

• move faster

• move farther apart

Multiple Choice

Match the state change to its description.

-> Freezing <-

• matter changes from a solid liquid

• matter changes from a liquid to a solid

• matter changes from a liquid to a gas

• matter changes from a gas to a liquid

Multiple Choice

Match the state change to its description.

-> Evaporation <-

• matter changes from a solid liquid

• matter changes from a liquid to a solid

• matter changes from a liquid to a gas

• matter changes from a gas to a liquid

Multiple Choice

Match the state change to its description.

-> Condensation <-

• matter changes from a solid liquid

• matter changes from a liquid to a solid

• matter changes from a liquid to a gas

• matter changes from a gas to a liquid

Multiple Choice

Is heat, which is a type of energy, being added or removed in this state change? Click on image to enlarge.

• Added

• Removed

Multiple Choice

On his way into school, Pete noticed little droplets of water on the grass. How did this happen?

• The water vapor in the air touched the cooler surface of the grass and condensed.

• The grass melted, turning into liquid water droplets.

• After it rained, particles in the water heated up and evaporated into tiny water droplets.

• The water vapor in the air touched the cooler surface of the grass and froze into liquid water droplets.

Multiple Choice

Mr. Porter makea a strawberry cream mixture that he places in a cool machine that churns the mixture into ice cream. Which state change did the cream mixture go through to become ice cream?

• evaporation

• condensation

• melting

• freezing

Multiple Choice

Match the state change to its description.

-> Evaporation <-

• matter changes from a solid liquid

• matter changes from a liquid to a solid

• matter changes from a liquid to a gas

• matter changes from a gas to a liquid

Multiple Choice

Match the state change to its description.

-> melting <-

• matter changes from a solid liquid to a liquid

• matter changes from a liquid to a solid

• matter changes from a liquid to a gas

• matter changes from a gas to a liquid

Multiple Choice

Match the state change to its description.

-> freezing <-

• matter changes from a solid liquid to a liquid

• matter changes from a liquid to a solid

• matter changes from a liquid to a gas

• matter changes from a gas to a liquid

Multiple Choice

Match the state change to its description.

-> condensation <-

• matter changes from a solid liquid to a liquid

• matter changes from a liquid to a solid

• matter changes from a liquid to a gas

• matter changes from a gas to a liquid

Matter usually changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas, or from a gas to a liquid to a solid. But sometimes matter can skip the liquid state

Multiple Choice

______ is when a gas changes directly into a solid, while _______ is when a solid changes directly into a gas.

• sublimation; deposition

• deposition; sublimation

Multiple Choice

Emily put water in an ice tray in the freezer to make ice cubes. After a few hours, they began to freeze and looked fine later that day. A month later, Emily checked back and noticed the ice cubes had shrunk. What happened?

• The water sublimated. The frozen water turned directly to water vapor and the vapor drifted into the freezer.

• The water went through deposition. The water turned directly from water vapor to a solid and the ice cubes got bigger.

• Nothing happened to the ice cubes.

Freezing and Melting Point

When ice changes to a liquid, it melts. The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is called its melting point. Ice melts when the temperature rises to 0 degrees Celsicus. When the temperature increases, the particles absorb heat. This energy makes the particles move faster and further apart, allowing them to move past one another. This is how liquid is able to take the shape of its container.

When water changes to ice, it freezes. The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid is called its freezing point. Water freezes when the temperature falls to 0 degrees Celsius. When the temperature decreases, the particles slow down and vibrate in place, which keeps the particles close together. The particles form a rigid structure that gives a solid its definite shape and volume.

Notice that water has the same melting and freezing point. No matter how much of a substance there is, the freezing point and melting point are the same.

Multiple Choice

Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius and melts at ________.

• 32 degrees Celsius

• 25 degrees Celsius

• 0 degrees Celsius

• 50 degrees Celsius

Multiple Choice

If the melting point of gold is 1,064 degrees Celsius, then the freezing point is

• the same

• 10 degrees cooler

• 10 degrees wamer

Remember that evaporation occurs when particles leave a liquid and change into a gas. The gas particles move quickly upward and evaporate from the surface of the liquid. The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas is its boiling point.

Bubbles of gas also form under the surface of a liquid when the temperature rises and gas particles move quickly upward through a liquid. This happens when the temperature reaches a substance's boiling point.

Boiling point is a physical property that can identify a substance. Each substance has its own specific boiling point. No matter how much of a substance there is, the boiling point is the same.

Multiple Choice

Max heats up copper in his lab until it turns to liquid. Max continues to heat the copper, and the particles heat up even more until gas particles move quickly upward through the liquid. The temperature at which the liquid turns into gas bubble is the ______.

• boiling point

• melting point

• freezing point

Multiple Choice

Maggie is bolling water in two separate pots. One pot is bigger than the other. At what temperature will each pot boil?

• The water in the small pot will boil at 100 degrees Celsius, but the water in the big pot will boil at 80 degrees Celsius.

• The water in both pots will boil at 100 degrees Celsius.

• The water in the big pot at 100 degrees, but the water in the small pot will boil at 80 degrees Celsius.

• There is no way to know what temperature will boil.

The volume or size of an object or substance changes when heat is added or removed. When heat is added to an object or substance, its particles move faster and farther apart, creating more space between them. This added space can cause the object or substance to get a little bigger. Thermal expansion occurs when an object's volume or size increases due to a change in heat.

The opposite of thermal expansion is thermal contraction. Thermal contraction occurs when an object's volume or size decreases due to a change in heat. A thermometer is an example of thermal contraction. The alcohol in a thermometer contracts and gets smaller when the temperature decreases.

Multiple Choice

Tom looked at the level of alcohol in his thermometer and read it was 30 degrees Celsius. Later in the day, he went back to the thermometer and saw that the alcohol had risen to 40 degrees Celsius. This is an example of ______.

• thermal expansion

• thermal contraction

Multiple Choice

It was very cold outside and the pipes in Sara's house began to freeze. When Sara woke up the next morning, she noticed her pipes had burst, and water was everywhere. Why did Sara's pipes burst?

• As the water got colder, it expanded.

• As the water got warmer, it expanded.

• As the water got colder, it contracted.

• As the water got warmer, it contracted

Multiple Choice

What is the definition of sublimation?

• when matter changes from a liquid to a gas

• when matter changes from a gas to a liquid

• when matter changes from a gas directly to a solid

• when matter changes from a solid directly to a gas

Multiple Choice

What is evaporation?

• when matter changes from a gas to a liquid

• when matter changes from a gas directly to a solid

• when matter changes from a solid to a liquid

• when matter changes from a liquid to a gas

Multiple Choice

Condensation is ________.

• when matter changes from a gas directly to a solid

• when matter changes from a solid to a liquid

• when matter changes from a gas to a liquid

• when matter changes from a liquid to a solid

Multiple Choice

What is the definition of deposition?

• when matter changes from a gas directly to a solid

• when matter changes three states in a short amount of time

• when matter changes from a solid to a liquid

• when matter changes from a liquid to a solid

Multiple Choice

Melting is _______.

• when matter does not completely change states

• when matter changes from a solid to a liquid

• when matter changes from a liquid to a solid

• when matter changes three states in a short amount of time.

Multiple Choice

Freezing is ________.

• When matter does not completely change states

• when matter changes from a liquid to a solid

• when matter changes three states in a short amount of time

• when matter stays in the same state forever

Multiple Choice

Melting point is ________.

• the temperature at which matter changes from a gas directly to a solid

• the temperature at which matter changes from a liquid to a gas

• the temperature at which matter changes from a liquid to a solid

• the temperature at which matter changes from a solid to a liquid

Multiple Choice

What is a boiling point?

• the temperature at which matter changes from a liquid to a solid

• the temperature at which matter changes from a gas to a liquid

• the temperature at which matter changes from a liquid to a gas

• the temperature at which matter changes from a solid directly to a gas

Multiple Choice

Freezing point is __________.

• the temperature at which matter stops changing states

• the temperature at which matter changes from a liquid to a solid

• the temperature at which matter changes from a gas directly to a solid

• the temperature at which matter changes from a solid directly to a gas

Multiple Choice

What is thermal expansion?

• when matter changes from a gas directly to a solid

• when an object or substance decreases in volume due to a change in heat

• when an object or substance increases in volume due to a change in heat

• when matter changes from a solid directly to a gas

Multiple Choice

Thermal contraction is ________.

• when matter changes from a gas directly to a solid

• when matter changes from a liquid to a solid

• when an object or substance doubles in volume due to a change in heat

• when an object or substance decreases in volume due to a change in heat

Multiple Choice

Change the statement below to make it true.

"The melting point and freezing point of a substance are always different"

• The melting point of a substance is always 30 degrees Celsius above its freezing point

• A substance only has a melting point, but no freezing point.

• The melting point and freezing point of a substance are the same.

• The melting point of a substance is always 30 degrees below its freezing point

Multiple Choice

Which of these pictures shows condensation?

Multiple Choice

A big gas burner heats up the air in a hot air balloon. The air grows and rises, lifting the balloon higher and higher. Which process explains how the air grows and rises?

• thermal expansion

• thermal contraction

• evaporation

• sublimation

Multiple Choice

Robbie is having a hard time opening the metal lid on a jar of pickles. Robbie decides to run hot water over the lid. The hot water warms up the metal, which causes it to expand a little farther from the jar. Now the jar is easier to open. This is an example of ________.

• thermal expansion

• evaporation

• sublimation

• thermal contraction

Multiple Choice

On very cold days, concrete starts to compress and get a little smaller. This is a result of ________.

• thermal expansion

• thermal contraction

• deposition

• sublimation

Multiple Choice

It rained for several hours last night and left many puddles. John tells his sister Penny that the puddles will soon disappear and dry up. Penny says that someone will have to remove the water because it will not disappear on its own. Who is correct?

• John is correct. Water in the puddle will eventually evaporate into the air as water vapor.

• John is correct. Water in the puddle will eventually turn into a solid, and the solid will float into the air.

• Penny is correct. The water will eventually freeze into a solid that is stuck and someone will have to remove it.

• Penny is correct. Water is always a liquid and will not change states or disappear.

Multiple Choice

Mikayla held a piece of chocolate in her hand. The chocolate started to turn into a messy liquid in her hands. The temperature at which the piece of chocolate turned into a messy liquid is called the ______.

• melting point

• sublimation point

• evaporation point

• freezing point

Multiple Choice

Josue put his water in the freezer to make it cold. He took it out of the freezer after a few hours and noticed that the water was solid and did not move in the bottle. The temperature at which the water turned into a solid is called the ______.

• freezing point

• evaporation point

• boiling point

• melting point