US History EOC Study Guide Late 19th/20th Centuries

US History EOC Study Guide Late 19th & early 20th Centuries

Part One

US History EOC Study Guide

Late 19th & 20th Centuries (1800s-1900s)

American Civil War Era

Compromise of 1850

• California was admitted to the Union as a free state;

• The remainder of the Mexican cession was divided into the two territories of New Mexico and Utah and organized without mention of slavery;

• The claim of Texas to a portion of New Mexico was satisfied by a payment of $10 million;

• New legislation (the Fugitive Slave Act) was passed to apprehend runaway slaves and return them to their masters; and

• The buying and selling of slaves (but not slavery) was abolished in the District of Columbia.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following IS NOT part of the Compromise of 1850?

• California was admitted to the Union as a free state;

• New legislation (the Fugitive Slave Act) was passed to allow runaway slaves not to return to their masters;

• The remainder of the Mexican cession was divided into the two territories of New Mexico and Utah and organized without mention of slavery;

• The claim of Texas to a portion of New Mexico was satisfied by a payment of $10 million;

Kansas- Nebraska Act

What did the act do?

Popular Sovereignty

• political theory that government is created by and subject to the will of the people.

• simply means that the “people are the rulers.”

Multiple Select

The Kansas Nebraska Act did which of the following?

• Passage of the bill irrevocably split the Whig Party, one of the two major political parties in the country at the time.

• Northern Whigs reorganized themselves with other non-slavery interests to become the REPUBLICAN PARTY, the party of Abraham Lincoln.

• Should have resolved issues that led to the Civil War.

• Violations of the hated Fugitive Slave Law increased.

Anaconda Plan

• Union strategy involved blockading Confederate ports to cut off cotton exports and prevent the import of manufactured goods; and using ground and naval forces to divide the Confederacy into three distinct theaters.

• First was ridiculed as to slow, but ultimately is successful in ruining Confederate hope for victory.

Multiple Choice

The Anaconda Plan was proposed by the Union General

• Abraham Lincoln

• Ulysses S Grant

• Winfield Scott

• Horace B Mann

Dred Scott Decision

Who was Dred Scott

Emancipation Proclamation

• Issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863

• Declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."

• Allowed African Americans to join the Union army which increased the Union's numbers by about 200,000.

...not a member of the popular sovereignty who voted for the free states or a citizen...

This decision eventually leads to a new constitutional amendment.

Multiple Choice

The Dred Scott decision is overturned by what amendment granting citizenship to all those born in the United States, regardless of color?

• The Thirteenth Amendment

• The Fourteenth Amendment

• The Fifteenth Amendment

Reconstruction Amendments

Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth

• The Thirteenth Amendment 1865, abolishes slavery or involuntary servitude except in punishment for a crime.

• The Fourteenth Amendment, 1868, defines all people born in the US as citizens, requires due process of law, and equal protection to all people.

• The Fifteenth Amendment, 1870, prevents the denial of a citizen’s vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude

Multiple Choice

During Reconstruction, three amendments to the Constitution were made in an effort to establish equality for black Americans. In reality, these amendments did not establish equality.

• True

• False

The Dawes Act

the law allowed for the President to break up reservation land, which was held in common by the members of a tribe, into small allotments to be parceled out to individuals.

US History EOC

Westward Expansion

Homestead Act 1862

• Provided that any adult citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms against the U.S. government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land.

• Claimants were required to “improve” the plot by building a dwelling and cultivating the land.

• After 5 years on the land, the original filer was entitled to the property, free and clear, except for a small registration fee

Multiple Select

In 1862, the Homestead Act was passed to encourage Westward Expansion - which of the following are true?

• Most of the land went to speculators, cattlemen, miners, lumbermen, and railroads.

• Of some 500 million acres dispersed by the General Land Office between 1862 and 1904, only 80 million acres went to homesteaders.

• Comparatively few laborers and farmers could afford to build a farm or acquire the necessary tools, seed, and livestock.

• The Act resolved an issue of growing poverty in the population moving westward.

Multiple Choice

The Granger movement and the subsequent Granger Laws led to the

• railroads charging varying amounts for the transport of similar cargo to similar places.

• Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.

• the Civil War.

Populism

Political program or movement that champions, or claims to champion, the common person, usually by favourable contrast with a real or perceived elite or establishment. Usually combines elements of the left and the right, opposing large business and financial interests but also frequently being hostile to socialist and labour parties.

US History EOC Review

Industrialization

Bessemer Process

• Developed by Henry Bessemer

• Leads to an improvement in the quality and quantity of steel for additional uses as in weapons making.

• Contributes significantly to the industrial revolution in the United States

The Great Migration and the Harlem Renaissance

Multiple Select

The Great Migration did which of the following?

• Gave African Americans a chance to leave an oppressive life in the South

• Changed from a mostly rural to a significant urban population

• Exposed many of the injustices in employment and society forcing change

• Continued to oppress African Americans from realizing social and economic gains