Chapter 8 Vocabulary - Genetics and Heredity

Chapter 8 Vocabulary

Heredity and Genetics terms

Heredity

the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring. 

trait

a specific characteristic (ex. seed color, or plant height)

Genetics

the scientific study of heredity.

fertilization

when egg and sperm cells join together to create a new organism. 

gene

factors that control a trait

Alleles

 are the different forms of a gene

Dominant Allele

 allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. 

Recessive Allele

allele that is “hidden” whenever the dominant allele is present. 

hybrid

an organism that has two different alleles for a trait.  

purebred

the offspring of many generations that have the same form of  a trait.  (i.e.  have two identical alleles for a trait)

Probability

 a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur.   (written as a fraction/ratio/or percent) 

Punnett Square

a chart that shows all the possible ways alleles can combine in a genetic cross.

Phenotype

an organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits.

Genotype

 an organism’s genetic make-up, or alleles.

(The different forms of a gene.)

homozygous

when an organism has two identical alleles for a trait.

Heterozygous

when an organism has two different alleles for a trait. 

Multiple Choice

When an egg cell and sperm cell unite together to create a new organism is known as

• heterozygous

• homozygous

• fertilization

• genetics

Multiple Choice

This term means the different forms of a gene

• alleles

• hybrid

• purebred

• trait

Multiple Choice

What is known as the scientific study of heredity:

• fertlization

• geneitcs

• homozygous

• heterozygous

Multiple Choice

Homozygous means:

• having two of the same alleles for a trait

• having two different alleles for a trait

• a hybrid

• all of the above

Multiple Select

I will need to study these terms!!!

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