OBM301 CHAPTER 4

OBM301 CHAPTER 4

ORGANIZING AND SEARCHING INFORMATION

4.0 ORGANIZING AND SEARCHING INFORMATION

Online Public Access Catalog

Online Database

Search Engines

Classification Schemes

· Library of Congress Classification (LCC)

· Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)

ONLINE PUBLIC ACCESS CATALOG (OPAC)

An Online Public Access Catalog (often abbreviated as OPAC or simply Library Catalog) is an online database of materials held by a library or group of libraries. 

Users search a library catalog principally to locate books and other material physically located at a library.

Online Public Access Catalog

An Online Public Access Catalog (often abbreviated as OPAC or simply Library Catalog) is an online database of materials held by a library or group of libraries. 

Users search a library catalog principally to locate books and other material physically located at a library.

Advantages of using OPAC

Provide more searching options such as by author, title, and keywords. 

Easy retrieval by using the Call Number of the book. 

Easy to know the status of the books whether they are available, borrowed, circulated or destroyed. 

Time saving for its users when it minimizes the time for searching books. 

Advantages of using OPAC

Eliminate duplication of book‘s records because it is computerized. 

Offer remote access to the catalog - that is, access from outside the physical library - enabling you to search from your home computer. 

Allow user to make on-line reservation of the items borrowed.

INFORMATION IN OPAC

ISBN

Unique number given to the publication that follows the International Standard Book Number.  

Local Call Number

Classification and location number of the materials in the library in Library of Congress Classification Scheme.

Main Entry-Person

Name of the author or title responsible to the materials if there is name of the author.

INFORMATION IN OPAC

Title Statement of Responsibilities

Title of the materials and names of the author or co author.

Edition Area

The statement of current edition of the collection.

INFORMATION IN OPAC

Publication and Distributors

There are 3 basic information in this area:

Place of publication 

Publisher

Year of publication

 

Physical Description

Information about the physical of the collection whether it have an illustration, pagination and size of the collection.

INFORMATION IN OPAC

Bibliography Notes

Provide the information about the list of references cited and index of words.

Topical Headings

Indicates the subject area of the collection and this is used when the book are classified in cataloging works.

INFORMATION IN OPAC

Added Entry Personal Name

Name of co author of the collection.

Accession Details

Provide current status of the collection whether it has been circulated, returned or in a list of reserved.

ONLINE DATABASE

A web based filing system designed to store information through the computer application and delivered from the computer network system such as Internet to make it accessible to the user.

Advantages of online database

Powerful searching capabilities, quick and easy access to multiple years of information. 

Improve the currency compared to annually updated paper volumes or periodically updated loose-leaf products. 

Advantages of online database

Online database accessible outside the library building and outside library hours, greatly improving the convenience of reference information. 

Multiple users can access materials at the same time, and there is little risk of loss or damage to the reference material.

Advantages of online database

Library online databases contain information from published works.

Examples: Magazine and newspaper articles, encyclopedias and other reference books.

Library online databases are searchable.

By Keywords, Subject, Author, Magazine Title, Date, etc.

Advantages of online database

Library online databases provide citation information.

Author, if available

Title of Article

Publication (Title of Magazine, Newspaper, or Reference Book)

Publisher

Date of Publication

Library online databases often contain full-text articles where user can print or email an entire article.

Advantages of online database

There are TWO different kinds of library online databases

For specific topics. 

Examples: Biography Resource Center , New Book of Popular Science.

For general topics 

Examples: ProQuest, World Book Online

SEARCH ENGINES

Software program you an use to find Web sites, Web pages and Internet files. 

Helping in locating Web pages on certain topics or in locating spesific pages for which you do not know the exact URL.  

Example of widely used search engine AltaVista, Excite, Google, Hotbot, Looksmart, Lycoss, Yahoo, etc…

Basic rules in seeking information using the search engines: 

1. Use the advanced‖ search tools whenever it is possible 

2. Search for phrase or limit the words phrases 

3. Simplify your keyword search 

4. Try to seek for synonymous words in case your search has failed 

COMMON SEARCH ENGINES

Google 

The search engine company claimed to have up to 600 million web pages indexed in their portals in 2001. Now, it is stated to have around 40 billion indexed pages. In 2011 they announced the use of Google Voice Search. 

This search engine reaches its users in variety of languages, which that makes it is the most common used among other search engines. 

Yahoo 

It searches best for broad and general topics. Technically, the result is as similar as other search engines. 

Yahoo stated to be reliable due to its webs were evaluated by Yahoo! and they only search specially selected information points. 

Ask Network 

Ask.com is actually a natural language web search which offers you to search your information using exact terms besides using vague keywords and gives you the good match to your search terms.

However, many databases or search engines do not provide this. 

Meta Search engines

A program that automatically submit your search request to several search engines simultaneously.

It receives results, eliminates duplicates, order to hit and then provides the edited list to you.

Example like Dogpile, Ixquick, Mamma, Search, Vivisimo and ProFusion

SEARCH OPTIONS

BOOLEAN OPERATORS

Words such as AND, OR, and NOT that are called “logical operators” and are used to combine search terms to either broaden or narrow the retrieval results of a search. 

 

Boolean searching describes the method of searching in which terms are combined to either recall more documents to retrieve a more precise set of documents.

BOOLEAN OPERATORS

And    = music and musicians 

             (find all entries with both words)

Or     = police or policemen 

             (locates entries which include either word)

Not    = peace not war 

(searches for all entries about peace not war)

CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES

Classification is the systematic arrangements of objects, ideas, books or  other items, which have like qualities and characteristics into groups or classes.

The purpose of a classification system in a library is to provide a basis for organizing books and materials so that the users can find them quickly and easily. 

CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES

There are 2 major types of classification system.

Dewey Decimal Classification System (DDC)

Library of Congress Classification System (LCC)

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)

In DDC system, Arabic numerals are used decimally to signify the various classes of subject by disciplines or fields of study.

At the broadest level, the DDC is divided into ten main classes, which together cover the entire world of knowledge.

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)

Divided all knowledge into 10 classes, which numbered form 000 to 900

The first summary contains the ten main classes. The second summary contains the hundred divisions. The third summary contains the thousand sections.

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)

The 10 divisions of every subject organized each of the 9 subject classes.

 

The Dewey decimal system coordinates materials on the same subject and on related subjects to make items easier to find on  the shelves by using a combination of letters and numbers. 

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)

The Dewey system has TEN (10) main classes, which are listed below. 

First summary

000 Generalities  

100 Philosophy and Psychology 

200 Religion 

300 Social Science 

400 Language 

500 Natural Science and Mathematics 

600 Technology (Applied Sciences) 

700 Arts 

800 Literature 

900 Geography and History 

000-099 GENERALITIES

000 Computer science, knowledge & systems 010 Bibliographies

020 Library & information sciences

030 Encyclopedias & books of facts

040 [Unassigned]

050 Magazines, journals & serials

060 Associations, organizations & museums

070 News media, journalism & publishing

080 Quotations

090 Manuscripts & rare books

100-199 Philosophy and Psychology 

100 Philosophy

110 Metaphysics

120 Epistemology

130 Parapsychology & occultism

140 Philosophical schools of thought

150 Psychology

160 Logic

170 Ethics

180 Ancient, medieval & eastern philosophy

190 Modern western philosophy

200 - 299 Religion 

200 Religion

210 Philosophy & theory of religion

220 The Bible

230 Christianity & Christian theology

240 Christian practice & observance

250 Christian pastoral practice & religious orders 260 Christian organization, social work & worship

270 History of Christianity

280 Christian denominations

290 Other religions

300 - 399 Social sciences

300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology 310 Statistics

320 Political science

330 Economics

340 Law

350 Public administration & military science

360 Social problems & social services

370 Education

380 Commerce, communications & transportation

390 Customs, etiquette & folklore 

400-499 Language

400 Language

410 Linguistics

420 English & Old English languages

430 German & related languages

440 French & related languages

450 Italian, Romanian & related languages

460 Spanish & Portuguese languages

470 Latin & Italic languages

480 Classical & modern Greek languages

490 Other languages 

500-599 Science

500 Science

510 Mathematics

520 Astronomy

530 Physics

540 Chemistry

550 Earth sciences & geology

560 Fossils & prehistoric life

570 Life sciences; biology

580 Plants (Botany)

590 Animals (Zoology)

600-699 Technology

600 Technology

610 Medicine & health

620 Engineering

630 Agriculture

640 Home & family management

650 Management & public relations

660 Chemical engineering

670 Manufacturing

680 Manufacture for specific uses

690 Building & construction 

700-799 Arts

700 Arts

710 Landscaping & area planning

720 Architecture

730 Sculpture, ceramics & metalwork

740 Drawing & decorative arts

750 Painting

760 Graphic arts

770 Photography & computer art

780 Music

790 Sports, games & entertainment

800 Literature

800 Literature, rhetoric & criticism

810 American literature in English

820 English & Old English literatures

830 German & related literatures

840 French & related literatures

850 Italian, Romanian & related literatures

860 Spanish & Portuguese literatures

870 Latin & Italic literatures

880 Classical & modern Greek literatures

890 Other literatures 

900-999 History

900 History

910 Geography & travel

920 Biography & genealogy

930 History of ancient world (to ca. 499)

940 History of Europe

950 History of Asia

960 History of Africa

970 History of North America

980 History of South America

990 History of other areas 

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)

Each of the above classes each has ten divisions.

These divisions are further divided--and then further divided. 

Each division becomes more specific. 

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)

The more numbers, the more specific the subject. In this way, the Dewey  classification system progresses from the general to the specific. 

For a detailed summary for each number see the DDC System 

The decimal place is used to make the number even more specific. 

DDC Call Numbers

Most school and public libraries use a system called Dewey Decimal (DDC) call numbers that begin with Arabic numerals..

For example, the juvenile nonfiction book with the title Birds of the World has the call number: 

Juv

598.2

Au 77

In the Dewey Decimal system, fiction is usually shelved alphabetically by the author's last name, in a separate section. 

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION (LCC)

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION (LCC)

The Library of Congress classification system organizes books and other library materials by subject, to make it easier for you to browse the shelves for materials on a specific topic.

Combines letters of the alphabet and Arabic numerals. 

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION (LCC)

Starting from a base of twenty-six letters, it offers 676 subjects divisions and identical in their divisions.

Each subject class has been given individual treatment and has been developed according to the kind of materials in the Library of Congress had expected to acquire in the subject area.

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION (LCC)

The main classes in LCC:

A General Works

B Philosophy, Psychology, Religion

C Auxiliary sciences of history

D History: General and Old World

E-F History: America

G Geography, Anthropology, Recreation

H Social Sciences

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION (LCC)

J Political Sciences

K Law

L Education

M Music

N Fine Arts

P Language and Literature

Q Science

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION (LCC)

R Medicine

S Agriculture

T Technology

U Military Science

V Naval Science

Z Bibliography and Library Science

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION (LCC)

Library of Congress call numbers always begin with letters of the alphabet. 

The letters identify the subject of the work. For example, the letter P at the beginning of a call number indicates that the subject of the work is language or literature. 

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION (LCC)

The call number also functions as a location code. You will find it taped to the bottom of the spine of each book. 

Example: P 1344 .S48 1987 

How To Read LC Call Numbers? 

First line:

The first line can be either a single or a double letter. If a book's call number begins with a single letter, which is the same as the first letter of a call number, which begins, with a double letter, then the book with the single letter is shelved first, or to the left, on the shelf.

How To Read LC Call Numbers? 

Second line:

The second line of an LC call number is always a whole number from 1 to 9999. If the letters on the first line of the call number are the same, the book with the smaller number on the second line is shelved to the left of the book with the larger number. (Note that in the Dewey Decimal system, the largest number is 999.) 

How To Read LC Call Numbers? 

Third line:

The third line of an LC call number is always a decimal point, followed by a letter and a number. Books are shelved alphabetically according to the letter to the right of the decimal point. 

 

For example, a book with .G on the third line of its call number would be shelved to the left of a book with .H. If two books have the same letter on the third line, then the book with the smaller decimal number is shelved to the left of the book with the larger number. 

How To Read LC Call Numbers? 

Fourth line:

The fourth line of an LC call number is always a year of publication or a volume number.

An earlier edition of the same work is always shelved to the left of a later edition A lower volume number is shelved to the left of a higher volume number. 

END OF CHAPTER 4 

THANK YOU

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)