3AP adjetivos part 2- agreement cont.

3AP adjetivos part 2

adjetivos que no concuerdan con el sustantivo

Adjectives that do NOT agree with the noun

The following adjectives are also considered nouns and have the same form in the masculine, feminine, singular, and plural.

• cama- bed. coche cama- sleeping car

• esnob- snobbish,

• hembra- female, perros hembra

• modelo- model, chica modelo

• monstruo- monster/giant

• rana- frog, hombre ranas- scuba divers

The following adjectives are usually invariable, but are sometimes seen in the plural forms.

• alerta- alert

  clave- key (not the noun)

  extra- extra

  tabú-taboo

  dos chicos alerta / alertas- two alert boys

  tres libros extra/ extras- three extra books

Although hembra (female) is invariable, varón (male) and macho (male) have plural forms.

• dos canarios machos -two male canaries

• dos canarios hembra-two female canaries

Adjectives of color that are derived from nouns are invariable. It is assumed that the expressions color, de color, or color de are understood, and therefore, no agreement is necessary. Some common examples are:

• café, cereza, chocolate, esmeralda, lila, oro, violeta

• botones cereza- cherry colored buttons, ojos café- brown eyes, flores lila- lilac colored flowers, etc.

Adjectives of compound colors are invariable in form.

• ojos azul oscuro- dark blue eyes

• corbata rojo claro- light red tie

• hojas verde pálido- pale green leaves

• piedra gris castaño- gray-brown stone

There are certain words far adjectives describing mixed colors. These adjectives agree in number and gender with the words they modify.

• verdirrojo- red-green, reddish green

• verdinegro- very dark green

• blanquiazul- bluish white

• blanquinegro- black and white

• cont. on next slide

Mixed colors cont...

• corbatas verdirrojas- red-green ties

• faldas blanquiazules- bluish white skirts

• piedra blanquinegra- black and white stone

Apocope de adjetivos

Apocope (shortening) of adjectives

Following are the adjectives that have a shortened form when used before certain words. Shortening, which is called "apocope," is done by dropping the final -o or the final syllable.

How to pronounce APOCOPE in English and Apócope in Spanish

Adjectives that drop the final -o The fallowing adjectives drop the final -o befare a masculine singular noun or adjective:

• bueno buen -good, Buen amigo- good friend

• malo mal -bad, mal amigo- bad friend

• primero primer -first, primer año- first year

• tercero tercer -third, tercer lugar, third place

• uno un -a/one, un lápiz- a pencil

• alguno algún -some, algún día, some day

• ninguno ningún -no/not one, ningun hombre, no man

Placing additional adjectives before or after the noun does not affect the apocope (shortening).

• el segundo mal libro - the second bad book

• nuestro buen amigo ruso - our good Russian friend

Two shortened forms may precede the noun or adjective.

• el primer mal libro, the first bad book

• ningún buen amigo, no good friend

No shortening occurs when the first adjective is linked to another by a conjunction.

• un malo o egoísta niño, a bad or selfish boy

• un bueno y amable tío, a good and kind uncle

Alguno and ninguno are frequently shortened before feminine nouns beginning with a stressed

a or ha.

(This prevents the same sound twice in a row but the feminine form is also acceptable)

• algún águila- some eagle or alguna aguila

• ningún aula, no classroom or ninguna aula

• ningún hacha, no hatchet or ninguna hacha

adjetivos que dejan caer la sílaba final

adjectives that drop their final syllable

• Grande

• Ciento

• Cualquiera

Grande becomes gran before a masculine or feminine singular noun. Its meaning changes from big to great when it precedes the noun.

• un gran museo- a great museum

• una gran biblioteca- a great library

• un gran señor- a great man

• una gran dama- a great lady

Grande never shortens in the plural form. When grande precedes the noun it means great or bíg and when it follows it means big.

• dos grandes museos, two great / big libraries

• dos bibliotecas grandes, - two big libraries

• 
  

• 
  

Ciento

shortens to cien before any masculine or feminine noun.

• cien hombres- one hundred men

  cien mujeres- one hundred women

shortens to cien before any number greater

than itself.

• cien mil - one hundred thousand

• cien millones (de) - one hundred million

Ciento-

remains ciento before any number smaller than itself.

• ciento dos - one hundred two

• ciento noventa y nueve - one hundred ninety-nine

CIENTO

does not shorten when used in multiples of one hundred.

• doscientos hombres

• trescientas mujeres

• cuatrocientas muchachas

• Note:

  The feminine forms of multiples of one hundred end in -as: doscientas, trescientas, cuatrocientas, etc.

Cualquiera... (any/whatever)

• shortens to cualquier befare any masculine or feminine singular noun.

• cualquier hombre- any/whatever man

• cualquier mujer- any/whatever woman

• 
  

Cualquiera... (any/whatever)

• becomes cualesquier before any plural noun.

• cualesquier libros- any/whatever books

• cualesquier flores any/whatever flowers

• 
  

Cualquiera... (any/whatever)

• Cualquiera and cualesquiera are used after the noun.

• un hombre cualquiera- any/whatever man

• unos libros cualesquiera- any/whatever books

• 
  

Cualquiera... (any/whatever)

• When cualquiera or cualesquiera follow the noun the meaning is intensified. Notice the difference:

• cualquier hombre- any man

• un hombre cualquiera- any man at all / whatsover

• 
  

Cualquiera... (any/whatever)

• Note:

  The plural, cualesquier/cualesquiera, is rarely used because the singular conveys the same idea.

• Tengo cualquier libro que necesitas.

• I have whatever book(s) you need.

• 
  

Multiple Choice

The Scuba divers

• los hombres ranos

• los hombres rana

• los hombres rano

Multiple Choice

my model daughters

• mis hijas modelas

• mis hijas modelo

• mis hijas modela

Multiple Choice

the sleeping car

• el cama coche

• el coche cama

• el coche camo

Multiple Choice

two female canaries

• dos carnarios hembras

• dos canarios hembra

Multiple Choice

two male canaries

• dos canarios machos

• dos canarios macho

Multiple Choice

brown buttons

• botones café

• botones cafés

Multiple Choice

chocolate eyes

• ojos chocolates

• ojos chocolate

Multiple Choice

red green ties

• corbatas verdirrojas

• corbatas verdirroja

• corbatas verdirrojo

Multiple Choice

bluish white skirts

• faldas blanquiazules

• faldas blanquiazul

• faldas blanquiazulas

Multiple Choice

good friend

• buen amigo

• bueno amigo

Multiple Choice

bad day

(Note that día is a masculine word)

• mala día

• mal día

• malo día

Multiple Choice

some man

• algún hombre

• alguno hombre

Multiple Choice

the second bad book

• el segundo mal libro

• el segundo malo libro

Multiple Choice

a bad or selfish boy

• un malo o egoísta niño

• un mal o egoísta niño

Multiple Select

no hatchet

• ningún hacha

• ninguna hacha

Multiple Choice

a great library

• una gran biblioteca

• una grande biblioteca

Multiple Choice

a great musuem

• un gran museo

• un grande museo

Multiple Choice

two great museums

• dos grandes museos

• dos gran museos

Multiple Choice

100,000

• cien mil

• ciento mil

Multiple Choice

102

• ciento dos

• cien dos

Multiple Choice

200 girls

• doscientas chicas

• doscientos chicas

Multiple Choice

any man

• cualesquier hombre

• cualquiero hombre

• cualquier hombre

Multiple Choice

any man at all

• un hombre cualquiera

• un hombre cualquier