Lesson1: Motion

Describing Motion

Lesson 1

​Term 2 Lessons

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Which factors describe the motion of an
object?

Focus Question

speed

displacement

motion

New Vocabulary

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meter: the SI unit of length, abbreviated m

Review Vocabulary

Starter

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•

Motion is a change in an object’s position
relative to a reference point.

•

You don’t always need to see something move
to know that motion has taken place.

•

A reference point is needed to determine the
position of an object. How you describe an
object’s motion depends on the reference
point chosen.

Motion and Position

•

After a reference point is
chosen, a frame of reference
can be created. A frame of
reference is a coordinate
system in which the position
of the object is measured.

•

The figure shows a
coordinate system. The
reference point is at the
origin, and each object’s
position can be described
with its coordinates.

Motion and Position

X-axis (east-west)
Y-axis (north-south)

Activity

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Multiple Choice

What is the changing of position over time?

• motion

• reference point

• acceleration

• speed

Multiple Choice

_______ is the length of the path between two points.

• distance

• reference

• statistic

• law

Multiple Choice

What is a frame of reference?

• absolute motion

• the length between two points

• objects that are not moving

• vectors that describe motion

Multiple Choice

What is the unit for distance?

• feet (ft)

• meters (m)

• meters per second (m/s)

• meters per second per second (m/s/s or m/s²)

Multiple Choice

Displacement and distance are always the same number.

• True

• False

•

An object’s displacement is the distance and
direction of an object’s change in position.

•

An object’s displacement is not the same as the
total distance the object traveled. The
displacement of the runner in the image is
different from the total distance run.

Change in Position

Change in Position

15 m
North

6 m
south

8 m
North

Distance VS Displacement

Multiple Choice

Bill runs 400 meters to Andy's house, turns around, and runs 400 meters back home.  What is Bill's distance?

• 0 meters

• 400 meters

• 800 meters

• 1600 meters

Multiple Choice

Vector quantities need both a magnitude and a _____.

• distance

• displacement

• direction

• velocity

Multiple Choice

A person walks 50 meters directly north, stops, and then travels 32 meters directly south.  What is their displacement?

• 82 meters

• 18 meters

• 28 meters

Distance VS Displacement

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•

Speed is the distance an object travels per
unit of time.

•

The SI unit for speed is meters per second
(m/s).

Speed Equation

speed (in meters/second) =

distance (in meters)

time (in seconds)

𝑠 =

𝑑
𝑡

Speed

Multiple Choice

What two measurements are necessary for calculating speed?

• Mass and time

• Temperature and mass

• Mass and distance

• Distance and time

Calculate Speed

Multiple Choice

What is the formula to calculate speed?

• S = t/d

• S = d/t

• S = d x t

• S = t x d

Calculate Speed

Calculate Speed activity

Calculate Speed

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Multiple Choice

A car travels 240 km in 2 hours and a sprinter travels 100 m in 9.5 sec. Who is traveling faster?

• the car

• the sprinter

• they are traveling the same speed

• not enough information

•

If you are traveling at
a constant speed,
you can calculate
your speed by
dividing any distance
interval by the time
it took you to travel
the distance.

•

Usually, speed is not
constant. The graph
shows how speed
can vary.

Changing Speed

Speed

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Two common ways of expressing a changing
speed are

average speed

and

instantaneous

speed.

•

Average speed

is the total distance traveled

divided by the total time of travel.

•

Instantaneous speed

is the speed at a given

point in time.

Speed

•

Motion over time can be shown on a distance-
time graph. This graph shows the distance
traveled by three swimmers during a
30-minute workout. Time is plotted along the
horizontal axis, and the distance traveled is
plotted along the vertical axis.

Graphing Motion

•

An object’s speed is equal
to the slope of the line on
a distance-time graph.

•

If an object moves with a
constant speed, the
increase in distance over
equal time intervals is
the same and the line is
straight.

•

The fastest object has the
steepest line on the
graph.

Graphing Motion

Multiple Choice

Which of the following do you calculate when you divide the total distance traveled by the total travel time?

• constant speed

• average speed

• variable speed

• instantaneous speed

Multiple Choice

How is speed defined?

• acceleration/time

• distance/time

• change in velocity/time

• displacement/time

Multiple Choice

What is the speed of a walker who covers a distance of 1000 m in 25 minutes?

• 40 m/s

• 1.6 m/s

• 0.67 m/s

• 0.67 s/m

Multiple Choice

A wolf walks 20 km east and then turns around and walks 10 km west. What is the total displacement?

• 30 km east

• 30 km west

• 10 km east

• 10 km west

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT true of a distance-time graph?

• The slope of the graph equals the object’s speed

• Distance is on the x-axis

• Time is on the x-axis.

• The line is straight if speed is constant.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true?            

• Speed is usually constant.

• Average speed is the total time of travel divided by the distance traveled.

• If an object is moving with a constant speed, the instantaneous speed does not change.

• The x-axis is divided into equal distance intervals on a distance-time graph.