01/14 Text Structure: Text Organization

01/14 Text Structure: Text Organization

A Study Island Lesson

Expectations

• Take notes.

• Respond when called on.

• Use the chat appropriately.

• Be visible in the camera.

• Do your best on the questions.

CHAMPS

• C - 0 except when called on

• H - chat

• A - notes; quiz

• M - at computer

• P - answering questions, taking notes

• S - 80% or higher on quiz

Classroom Rules Time!

Whoo!

Text Organization

• Text structure, or organization, means the way information is a text is set up.

• When you understand how a writer has organized information, it makes it easier to understand.

• Writers can organize text in several different ways.

Multiple Select

What does "structure" mean? Select all the apply.

• fiction

• organization

• dialogue

• the way a text is set up

Transitions

• Transitions are words or phrases that improve the flow of writing.

• Writers use transitions to connect sentences and paragraphs.

• By paying attention to transitions, readers can better understand how a piece of text is organized.

• Examples: next, then, afterwards, because, as a result of, first, for example

Multiple Choice

Which word or phrase in the following sentence is an example of a transition: There are many kinds of snacks to eat that are healthy for you. For example, an orange would be a healthy snack because it has vitamins and fiber.

• there

• an orange

• for example

• healthy for you

Cause and Effect

• A text organized by cause and effect shows that one event causes another thing to happen.

• Look for: because, then, since, as a result

• Cause: what makes something happen

• Effect: the result of a cause

• Affect: a verb that also means "cause" or "change" (so a cause can affect an effect)

Multiple Choice

What is the cause in this example: It rained for the first few days of the camping trip. As a result, most of the campers were restless and wanted to go home.

• campers were restless

• campers wanted to go home

• it rained for the first few days

• as a result

Multiple Choice

What is the effect in this example: It rained for the first few days of the camping trip. As a result, most of the campers were restless and wanted to go home.

• it rained

• as a result

• most campers were restless and wanted to go home

• camping trip

Chronological Order or Sequence-Time Order

• A text organized in chronological or sequence-time order explains events in the order they happen.

• Look for: first, then, next, finally, before, a few minutes later, meanwhile, last year

Multiple Choice

What is the third event that happens in this chronological example: First, Rhett was late getting to school. Then, he lost his homework. A few minutes later, the teacher asked him to clean out his desk. Now, Rhett thinks it will be a bad day.

• He lost his homework.

• The teacher asked him to clean his desk.

• Rhett thinks it will be a bad day.

• Rhett was late getting to school.

Comparison/Contrast

• A text organized by comparing and contrasting shows how things are like or different.

• Look for: best, more, better, less, worse, easier, than

Multiple Choice

What is being compared in this example: The best time to visit the Rocky Mountains is early fall. The weather is cooler in the fall than in the summer. You will see fewer people and more animals. The fall colors are more beautiful.

• The author is comparing people to animals.

• The author is comparing fall colors to summer colors.

• The author is comparing summer to winter.

• The author is comparing visiting the Rocky Mountains during fall versus other seasons.

Logical Order

• The text organized by logic reaches a logical conclusion from known details.

• Logical order also can be ordering paragraphs into a larger whole with similar details grouped together.

• Think of logical order like a detective working at a crime scene. All the clues get grouped together to come to one logical conclusion about who committed the crime.

Multiple Choice

What logical conclusion can you reach from this example: The door was cracked open and the kitchen was speckled with muddy paw prints.

• someone was painting

• the weather was windy and knocked the door open

• a dirty animal had entered the house

• moms hate paw prints

Inductive Reasoning

• A text organized by inductive reasoning moves from the specific to the general.

• It is based on experiences and observations.

• Using induction, the prediction is based on what is known or observable.

• In this sense, it is a conclusion based on probability, or what will likely happen based on what you've already seen.

Multiple Choice

What induction, or conclusion, did the author come to in this example: Yesterday, we had to turn in an English assignment. Today, we also had to turn in another assignment. Tomorrow, I assume we'll have another assignment.

• Yesterday, we had to turn in an English assignment.

• Today, we also had to turn in another assignment.

• Tomorrow, I assume we'll have another assignment.

Deductive Reasoning

• This is the opposite of inductive reasoning.

• A text organized by deductive reasoning begins with the general and ends with the specific.

• It is based on laws, rules, or other accepted principles.

• Using deductive reasoning, the old or accepted information is applied to a new context to form a conclusion.

• If the accepted information, the premises, is correct, the conclusion is also correct.

• In this sense, the conclusion leaves no room for probability, meaning that there is no room left for guessing, meaning the deduction is usually a fact.

Multiple Choice

What deduction is made in the following example: At the beginning of year, Ms. Hall gave us a list of our assignments. The list says that I have an assignment due on April 30th. Therefore, I will have to turn in my assignment on April 30th.

• At the beginning of year, Ms. Hall gave us a list of our assignments.

• The list says that I have an assignment due on April 30th.

• Therefore, I will have to turn in my assignment on April 30th.

Classification

• A text organized by classification groups things that are similar.

• This structure is most useful for writing research reports.

• For example, when writing about animals, one paragraph might be dedicated to its diet, one to its environment, and one to how it fights.

Multiple Choice

You're writing an essay about the food pyramid. How might you classify your paragraphs?

• dedicate one paragraph to each type of food group

• write only about how bad sweets are for you

• explain how it's a triangle

• dedicate one paragraph to talking about everything in the pyramid

Spatial Order

• A text organized by spatial order presents items according to their location.

• Look for: over, under, beside, next to, left, right, top, bottom

Multiple Choice

What is being described in this spatial order example: With my head and body resting on the wall, I stood there surveying all the junk. I knew Mom wanted me to move things so that her car would park easily in there. Next to me stood a row of shelves that housed motor oil, garden tools, car wax, tools, and various odds and ends. To my left, two bicycles rested gently against the wall. In the middle were two rows of boxes stacked six feet high. To my right, the lawn mower, weed eater, leaf blower, and a golf bag took up the spot where Mom wanted to park her car. I knew finding a space for everything was going to be a challenge.

• a house

• a bedroom

• a shed

• a garage

Order of Importance

• A text organized by the order of importance progresses from the least to most important idea or from the most to least important idea.

• Look for: first of all, most important, least important

Multiple Choice

What is the second most important thing in this example: According to Abraham Maslow, the most important things that a person needs are food, sleep, and good health. Without food, sleep, or good health, a person will find it difficult to focus on anything else. The next most important needs are shelter and safety. A sense of belonging and then self-esteem come next in importance. The least important need is achieving maximum individual potential.

• food, sleep, and health

• achieving maximum individual potential

• shelter and safety