Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration

• aka fermentation

• used by organisms that lack the enzymes necessary to utilize O2

• other organisms are aerobic but revert to anaerobic respiration if O2 is not available

Fill in the Blank

What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?

Anaerobic respiration takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell.

The pathway begins with Glycolysis

• "splitting sugar"

• involves a series of 10 chemical reactions which break glucose (6-carbon sugar) into 2 molecules of pyruvate (3-carbon sugar)

Fill in the Blank

What is produced during glycolysis?

ATP Production

• glucose is a very stable molecule 

• glycolysis requires an investment of 2 ATP molecules to get the process started

For each molecule of glucose:

• 2 ATP molecules are invested to start glycolysis

• 4 ATP molecules are produced

• Net gain = 2 ATP molecules

The overall equation for glycolysis

• 2 ATP + C6H12O6 →  2 pyruvate + 4 ATP

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IF NO OXYGEN IS PRESENT

• Cell respiration stops with glycolysis

• 2 ATP + C6H12O6 →  2 pyruvate + 4 ATP

Some bacteria convert pyruvate to lactic acid

• used in dairy industry to manufacture cheese, butter, sour cream and yogurt (produces sharp or sour taste)

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• also used to produce soy sauce from soybeans, to pickle cucumbers, and to produce sausage, pepperoni, and salami

  
  

Animal cells utilize fermentation if O2 is not available

• Lactic acid is produced

• associated with muscle soreness and fatigue

Yeast (a fungus) can do aerobic or anaerobic respiration

When no oxygen is present, yeast converts pyruvate to alcohol and CO2

• used by brewing and baking industries

Multiple Choice

What are possible products of certain types of anaerobic respiration?

• water and oxygen

• pyruvic acid and glycerol

• nitrogen gas and ammonia

• alcohol and carbon dioxide

Multiple Choice

Which term best defines a bacteria that can survive without oxygen?

• aerobic

• anaerobic

• heterotrophic

• autotrophic

Multiple Choice

The formation of lactic acid in human muscle cells is most closely associated with

• muscle fatigue

• protein synthesis

• an increase in alcohol consumption

• an increase in glucose production

Multiple Choice

Which intermediate substance is produced in both alcohol and lactic acid fermentation?

• oxygen

• pyruvate

• nitrogen

• starch