C8 - Lesson 4 Rates of Reaction

C8 - Lesson 4 Rates of Reaction

Dr Ahmed

Rates of Reaction

-State why reactions occur

- State the units for rate

-Describe the different methods for measuring the rate of the reaction

Open Ended

What does rate of reaction mean? Type some words that you think of when thinking about the word Rate ….

What does Rate of Reaction mean?

• The speed of chemical reactions varies greatly

• Some reactions are FAST - FIREWORKS

• Some reaction are SLOW - Your bicycle chain rusting

• Rate of reaction is the speed of the reaction

Why do reactions occur?? THINK

Why do reactions occur?

- Particles need to COLLIDE

-Particles need to collide with enough ENERGY

Reactions, Particles and Collisions

Reactions take place when particles collide with a certain amount of energy.

The minimum amount of energy needed for the particles to react is called the activation energy, and is different for each reaction.

The rate of a reaction depends on two things:

- Frequency of collisions

- The energy with which the particles collide

If particles collide with less energy than the activation energy, they will not react. The particles will just bounce off each other

Poll

Are you happy so far??

• NO!! I'm so confused

• I think so but I might need to go over this again

• YES This is easy

Multiple Choice

In order for a reaction to occur what needs to happen?

• Particles need to be a gas

• Particles need to collide

• Particles need to vibrate

• Lots of different particles need to be in the same beaker

Multiple Choice

If particles collide what needs to happen for a reaction to take place

• The collision needs to cause one of the particles to split in half

• The collision needs to be between gases

• The collision needs to happen with enough energy

• The particles need to fit

Fill in the Blanks

How could we increase the amount of energy the particles collide with?

So how do we measure Rate of Reaction?

It depends on the reaction!

Loss of mass method

This is if one of the products is a gas (g)

•When it is produced it will escape to the atmosphere

•The overall mass will decrease over time

Production of gas method

Again this is if one of the product is gas (g)

•We can collect it as it is produced

•We can use a measuring cylinder or a gas syringe

Disappearing cross method

This is if one of the products is a solid (s)

•Some products cause the solution to go cloudy

•We can measure this by seeing how long it takes to no longer see a cross through the solution

•A light sensor can make this more accurate

Multiple Select

Which method could work out the rate in this reaction:

CaCO3(s) + 2 HCl(aq) -> CaCl2(aq) + H2O(aq) + CO2(g)

• Disappearing cross

• Loss of mass

• Production of gas

Multiple Choice

Which method would you use to determine rate in this reaction:

Na2SO3 + HCl --> S(s) + 2NaCl(aq) + SO2(g) + H2O(l)

• Disappearing cross

• Loss of mass

• Production of gas

Fill in the Blanks

Which method produced this graph??

Fill in the Blanks

Which method produced this graph?

Measuring Rate

Once you have your graph. The gradient will tell you your rate.

Gradient is worked out by doing

 $y\div x$  

This gives units of mass/time or 
g/min

Copy and fill in the gaps - Revision

Activity:

It is usually more helpful to describe how the energy of the chemicals changes during the reaction, so a reaction profile is more useful than an energy level diagram.

A reaction profile includes the a_______ e_____ which is the minimum energy needed by p______when they c______for a reaction to occur. The activation energy is shown as a 'hump' in the line, which:

starts at the energy of the r________

is equal to the difference in energy between the top of the 'hump' and the reactant

The overall change in e_____ in a reaction is the difference between the energy of the reactants and p____________.

Copy and fill in the gaps

Activity:

It is usually more helpful to describe how the energy of the chemicals changes during the reaction, so a reaction profile is more useful than an energy level diagram.

A reaction profile includes the activation energy which is the minimum energy needed by particles when they collide for a reaction to occur. The activation energy is shown as a 'hump' in the line, which:

starts at the energy of the reactants

is equal to the difference in energy between the top of the 'hump' and the reactant

The overall change in energy in a reaction is the difference between the energy of the reactants and products