CPR

CPR

CPR Review Module

What is CPR

• Cardiac arrest: sudden stop in heart function

  
  

  Chain of Survival: the best way to ensure that a cardiac arrest victim survives According to the American Heart Association (AHA), the 5 links in the adult out-of-hospital Chain of Survival are: Recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with an emphasis on chest compressions Rapid defibrillation Basic and advanced emergency medical services Advanced life support and post-cardiac arrest care

  
  

ROSC

Ventricular fibrillation is a heart rhythm problem that occurs when the heart beats with rapid, erratic electrical impulses. This causes pumping chambers in your heart (the ventricles) to quiver uselessly, instead of pumping blood. Common cause of cardiac arrest.

 

ROSC: Return of Spontaneous Circulation after CPR is initiated after a cardiac arrest

Multiple Choice

20. When should rescuers switch positions during CPR?

A. Switch rescuers at 5-minute intervals

B. Never switch rescuers, and maintain current roles

C. Switch rescuers when placing the AED pads

D. Switch rescuers about every 2 minutes

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

Rapid defibrillation is a link in the adult Chain of Survival. Why is this important to survival?

• It eliminates the abnormal heart rhythm

• It prevents cardiac arrest

Multiple Choice

Why is allowing complete chest recoil important when performing high-quality CPR?

• The heart will adequately refill between compressions

• The rate of chest compressions will increase

Multiple Choice

A middle-aged man collapses. You and a second rescuer go to the victim and find that he is

unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a pulse.

5. Which action is most likely to positively impact this victim’s survival?

• Ensuring scene safety

• performing high quality CPR

Multiple Choice

You witness someone suddenly collapse. The person is unresponsive, you hear gasping sounds, and

there is no pulse. What should you do next?

A. Give rescue breaths only; the gasps are not normal breathing

B. Begin CPR; the gasps are not normal breathing

C. Begin CPR, even though gasping is normal breathing

D. Monitor the patient; the gasps are considered normal breathing

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

A device to analyze and convert a patient's heart rhythm

• Chest compressions

• Bag valve mask

• Pocket mask

• AED

CPR steps

Steps: 

Scene Safety: Is the scene safe If not do not approach If the scene is safe: Check victim for responsiveness Check for carotid pulse Scan for breathing This should take no more than 10 seconds

For an adult and child check the carotid pulse

For an infant check the brachial pulse

Multiple Choice

When checking for a pulse in an infant, where would you check

• Carotid

• radial

• brachial

• femoral

Airway Management

For a one rescuer use the pocket mask or mouth to mouth to deliver oxygen

A bag valve mask would be used for a 2 rescuer situation

Multiple Choice

What is used to deliver oxygen in a one rescuer situation

• pocket mask

• bag valve mask

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a bag valve mask?

Multiple Choice

25. How can rescuers ensure that they are providing effective breaths when using a bag-mask device?

A. Delivering breaths quickly and forcefully

B. Observing the chest rise with breaths

C. Allowing air to release around the mask

D. Always having oxygen attached to the bag

• A

• B

• C

• D

AED Instructions

AED Steps:

Turn on

  Attach pads to the victim's chest by following directions.

Use adult pads on anyone over 8 years old.

AED in infants and Children

We cannot use infant or child pads on an adult

BUT can use adult pads on an infant/child

For children/infants if the AED comes with a pediatric dose attenuator use it. If not proceed with the adult pads.

AED and Hairy Chests

If someone has a hairy chest the pads will not stick appropriately.

Shave the hair or if the device comes with an extra set of pads use those to remove the hair

Put pads under a medication patch or a pacemaker

AED and water

If someone is submerged in water, remove them and dry them off before using the AED

Sor someone who is in a small puddle dry them off and you can use the AED without moving them

AED Safety

If you are in charge of the AED you must clear everyone as the AED is analyzing the rhythm and before you deliver a shock

Multiple Choice

First step in using the AED

• turn on

• plug in the cord

• charge the battery

Multiple Choice

After the AED pads are attached to the victim’s bare chest, the AED detects ventricular fibrillation.

What is the next step when using an AED?

A. Press the shock button

B. Clear the patient

C. Follow the AED prompts

D. Check the victim for a carotid pulse

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

What is a consideration when you are using an AED?

A. On a hairy chest, the pads may not stick and may fail to deliver a shock

B. You should never remove a transdermal medication patch before applying AED pads

C. You should not use an AED on someone with an implanted pacemaker

D. AEDs can be used while a victim is submerged in water

• A

• B

• C

• D

Adult CPR

1 Rescuer compression to ventilation rate is 30:2

2 Rescuer Compression to Ventilation Rate is 30:2

Compression depth is 2 inches or 5 cm

Multiple Choice

While performing high-quality CPR on an adult, what action should you ensure is being

accomplished?

A. Compressing to a depth of at least 2 inches

B. Maintaining a compression rate of 90 to 120/min

C. Placing hands on the upper third of the sternum

D. Allowing the chest to recoil 1 inch

• A

• B

• C

• D

Child CPR

1 Rescuer compression to ventilation rate is 30:2

2 Rescuer compressionto ventilation rate is 15:2

Compression depth is 2 inches or 5 cm

Multiple Choice

How do you perform chest compressions when providing high-quality CPR to a child victim?

A. By compressing the chest at least one fourth the depth of the chest, about 1.5 inches (4 cm)

B. By compressing the chest at least two thirds the depth of the chest, about 4 inches (10 cm)

C. By compressing the chest at least one half the depth of the chest, about 3 inches (8 cm)

D. By compressing the chest at least one third the depth of the chest, about 2 inches (5 cm)

• A

• B

• C

• D

Infant CPR

1 REscuer compression to ventilation rate is 30:2 (2 thumb method)

2 Rescuer compressiont o ventilation rate is 15:2 (thumb encircling method)

Compression depth is 1.5 inches

Multiple Choice

What ratio for compressions to breaths should be used for 1-rescuer infant CPR?

A. 30 compressions to 2 breaths

B. 15 compressions to 2 breaths

C. 20 compressions to 2 breaths

D. 5 compressions to 1 breath

• A

• B

• C

• D

Rescue Breaths

Given to patient with a pulse but no breathing

Adult 1 breath every 5-6 seconds

Infant/ Child 1 breath eery 3-5 seconds

If there is an artificial airway in then you give 1 breath every 6-8 seconds (SINCE THERE IS AN ARTIFICIAL AIRWAY IN YOU DO NOT STOP COMPRESSIONS TO GIVE THESE BREATHS LIKE THE TWO EXAMPLES ABOVE)

Choking in Adults

Hemlich method

If patient becomes unresponsive start CPR each time you give a breath look in the mouth for the object

For pregnant or obsese patient do chest thrusts instead

Choking in Infants

Never perform a blind finger sweep

Perform 5 chest thrusts followed by 5 compressions

Look in the airway to see if you can see the object

Multiple Choice

1. When performing CPR on an unresponsive choking victim, what modification should you incorporate?

• Each time you open the airway, look for the obstructing object

• There are no modifications to CPR for an unresponsive choking victim

• You do not give breaths to an unresponsive choking victim

Multiple Choice

An 8-month-old infant is eating and suddenly begins to cough. The infant is unable to make any noise

shortly after. You pick up the infant and shout for help.

8. You have determined that the infant is responsive and choking with a severe airway obstruction. How

do you relieve the airway obstruction?

A. Give abdominal thrusts

B. Encourage the infant to cough

C. Give sets of 5 back slaps and 5 chest thrusts

D. Begin 2 thumb‒encircling hands chest compressions

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

Which action do you perform to relieve choking in an unresponsive infant?

A. Give sets of 5 back slaps and 5 chest thrusts

B. Perform CPR, and look in the mouth for the obstructing object

C. Attempt a blind finger sweep when giving breaths to remove the obstructing object

D. Give sets of 5 abdominal thrusts and 5 back slaps

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

A victim with a foreign-body airway obstruction becomes unresponsive. What is your first course of

action?

A. Roll the victim over and perform back blows

B. Start CPR, beginning with chest compressions

C. Perform blind finger sweeps

D. Perform abdominal thrusts

• A

• B

• C

• D