Unit 4: Greece Part 1

Unit 4: Greece Part 1

Hellenic Culture

of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the ancient Greeks or their language, culture, thought, etc., esp. before the time of Alexander the Great.

Agora

The marketplace in ancient Greece

Acropolis

A fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city

Polis

Greek city-state

Monarchy

A government ruled by a king or queen

Aristocracy

a government ruled by a small group of noble, land-owning families

Oligarchy

A government ruled by a few powerful people

Democracy

Rule by the people

Tyranny

Cruel and oppressive government or rule

Tyrant

Cruel and oppressive ruler

Citizens

• People who had the right to participate in government

• In Athens, citizenship belonged to men 18 yrs and older, who had been born in Athens, and whose parents were Athenian citizens

• Immigrants, women, and enslaved people were excluded.

Phalanx

A military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields

Athens

A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.

Draco

Athenian noble & lawmaker whose law code was based on the idea that all Athenians, rich and poor, were equal under the law. The law code was characterized by very strict laws and punishments, made death the punishment for almost every crime. Allowed for debt slavery - debts worked as slaves to repay what they owed.

Solon

Athenian noble & lawmaker whose law code was based on the idea that all Athenians, rich and poor, were equal under the law. The law code was characterized by very strict laws and punishments, made death the punishment for almost every crime. Allowed for debt slavery - debts worked as slaves to repay what they owed.

Sparta

A powerful Greek military polis that was often at war with Athens. Used slaves known as helots to provide agricultural labor.

Mythology

A body of stories about gods and heroes that try to explain how the world works

Myth

A traditional story about gods, ancestors, or heroes.

Zeus

King of the gods

Hera

Queen of the gods

Apollo

Son of Zeus, god of music, poetry, prophecy, and medicine

Artemis

Daughter of Zeus, goddess of the hunt

Athena

Daughter of Zeus, goddess of wisdom and protector of Athens

Aphrodite

Goddess of love and beauty

Mt. Olympus

home of the gods; highest mountain in Greece