Unit 4: Greece Part 2

Unit 4: Greece Part 2

Pheidippides

The man who ran from Marathon to Athens to announce the Greek victory over Persia in the Battle of Marathon (490 BC), and then died.

Xerxes

King of Persia; his armies invaded Greece but were eventually defeated by the Greeks

Themistocles

Athenian statesman who persuaded Athens to build a navy and then led it to victory over the Persians, the Battle of Salamis.

Delian League

an alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians

Pericles

Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens - est. direct democracy. He paid public officials so that both rich and poor men could take the positions if elected. Ordered the construction of the Parthenon.

Parthenon

Built as a temple for goddess, Athena. Roof supported by marble columns, inside was a statue of Athena made of gold, ivory, and gems. Had Doric columns.

Doric Column

The Doric column is the oldest and simplest Greek style column, found on the Parthenon in Athens.

Ionic Column

This is a Greek column with short, fluted shafts and scroll-like decorations on its capital.

Corinthian Column

fanciest column decorated with leaves and flower designs

Tragedy

A serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character

Aeschylus

Father of Greek tragedy, wrote Oresteia; proposed the idea of having two actors and using props and costumes

Sophocles

Greek writer of tragedies; wrote Oedipus Rex

Euripides

one of the greatest Greek playwrights; wrote about 90 tragedies and included strong female characters and smart slaves

Epic

A long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds

Homer

A Greek epic poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey

Comedy

Plays that made fun of people and ideas, especially politics.

Aristophanes

Greek comedic playwright - wrote The Birds

Herodotus

Greek Historian, considered the "Father of History." Wrote History, an account of the Persian Wars

Thucydides

Considered the greatest historian of the classic age; wrote History of the Peloponnesian War using eyewitness accounts.

Archimedes

Greek mathematician and inventor. Invented lever, pulley, Archimedes screw.

Hippocrates

"Founder of Medicine"; his teachings dominated Western medical practice for about 2000 years.

Euclid

Father of geometry

Socrates

Developed the Socratic Method - questions and answer style of teaching

Plato

Student of Socrates, wrote The Republic about ideal government ruled by wise kings, started school called "The Academy" which ran for 900 years

Aristotle

Student of Plato, tutored Alexander the Great. Invented method of debate based on rules of logic; open school called "The Lyceum" in Athens.

Peloponnesian League

Military alliance led by Sparta. Consisted of Sparta and surrounding city-state. Formed to defeat democracy in Athens.

King Philip II

King of Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great. Wanted to conquer Greece and the Persia

Alexander the Great

King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia. Reached the Indus Valley. Founded many Greek-style cities, spread Greek culture and language across the Middle East.

Hellenistic

"Greek-like". A type of culture typically referred to after the conquests of Alexander the Great.

Aristarchus

Greek astronomer who first stated that the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun. Estimated the size of the Sun - underestimated the size but disproved the belief the sun was smaller than Greece.

Eratosthenes

Greek mathematician and astronomer who estimated the circumference of the earth and the distances to the moon and sun. He was close!

Colossus of Rhodes

Largest known Hellenistic statues, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

Statue of Zeus of Olympia

Large sculpture of Zeus located in Olympia. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Sculpted by Phidias.