CHAPTER 20 LESSON 3

CHAPTER 20 LESSON 3

The Kingdoms of Korea and Southeast Asia

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

How can external forces influence a kingdom or dynasty?

Korea: The Hermit Kingdom

From their capital at Hanseong (modern-day Seoul), Yi rulers consolidated their rule of Korea by adopting the Chinese example of a strong bureaucratic state. They patterned their society after the Chinese to the north but maintained their distinctive identity.

Multiple Choice

On which system did the leaders of the Yi dynasty model their administration?

• A.the Mongol system

• B.the Chinese system

• C.the Buddhist belief system

• D.the Japanese system

The Yi dynasty also experienced serious problems. During the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, internal conflicts within the royal court weakened the dynasty. Japanese and Chinese invasions also devastated Korea.

A Japanese force under Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded Korea in the late sixteenth century. Hideyoshi wanted to use Korea as the transit route for his conquest of China. Korean forces defeated the Japanese invaders, but victory came at a high price. Korean farmlands were devastated, and villages and towns were burned. The Japanese also killed or kidnapped skilled workers.

Multiple Choice

Why did Japan invade Korea?

• A.The Japanese wanted Korea's agricultural output.

• B.Japan wanted to travel through Korea to invade China.

• C.Japan was furious about the Korean alphabet.

• D.Japanese and Korean leaders disagreed about the strength of the Manchu.

In response to these events, the Korean rulers sought to limit contact with foreign countries and tried to keep the country isolated from the outside world. The country remained largely untouched by European merchants and Christian missionaries. Due to its isolationist practices, Korea received the name “Hermit Kingdom.”

Multiple Choice

What effect did Japanese and Manchu invasions have on Korea?

• A.The leaders closed the borders and isolated the country.

• B.The Koreans honored the Chinese emperor every year.

• C.Agricultural prosperity returned to normal.

• D.Western goods became very expense as they were hard to get.

Kingdoms in Southeast Asia

In 1500 mainland Southeast Asia was a relatively stable region. Throughout the region, from Burma in the west to Vietnam in the east, kingdoms with unique ethnic, linguistic, and cultural characteristics were being formed.

Multiple Choice

At the beginning of the sixteenth century, the states in the Southeast Asian mainland could be described as

• A.distinct from each other and stable.

• B.very similar to each other and at war.

• C.active in the spice trade.

• D.poor and weak.

Multiple Choice

Conflicts developed between which of the following states?

• A.Thailand and Champa

• B.Vietnam and Burma

• C.Vietnam and Khmer

• D.Thailand and Burma

The situation was different in the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian archipelago. Muslim merchants, who were attracted to the growing spice trade, gradually entered the area. The creation of an Islamic trade network had political results as new Islamic states arose along the spice route.

The major impact of this trade network, however, came in the fifteenth century with the new Muslim sultanate at Melaka. Melaka owed its new power to its strategic location on the Strait of Malacca and to the rapid growth of the spice trade itself. Within a few years, Melaka had become the leading power in the region.

Multiple Choice

The Islamic trade network made its biggest impact when the Muslims

• A.established a sultanate at Melaka.

• B.fought the Portuguese for control on trade routes.

• C.made Islam the state religion of the mainland.

  .

• D.cut the price of spices for the general population of Vietnam

Multiple Choice

Which religions attracted converts in the nonmainland states and the Philippines?

• A.Confucianism and Buddhism

• B.Islam and Buddhism

• C.Islam and Christianity

• D.Christianity and Buddhism

Multiple Choice

Why were the Dutch more successful in Southeast Asia than the Portuguese?

• A.The Dutch sought to convert countries to Christianity.

• B.The Dutch had fast and inexpensive land caravans.

  population.

• C.The Dutch were better financed and could afford to protect their possessions.

• D.The Dutch developed lasting friendships with the indigenous

Open Ended

How can external forces influence a kingdom or dynasty?