Cell Types and Specialization EOC Review

Cell Types and Specialization

EOC Review

Pre-Assessment

Multiple Choice

Which cell or cells are eukaryotic?

• Neither cell A or B

• Cell B

• Both cell A and B

• Cell A

Multiple Choice

A fossilized cell is discovered, and evidence suggests it reproduced on its own and had DNA, but a nuclear membrane did not enclose its DNA. Which type of organism would this most likely be?

• prokaryote

• eukaryote

• plant cell

• animal cell

Multiple Choice

Which pair of structures best shows that plant cells have functions different from animal cells?

• Chloroplasts and cell walls

• Cytoplasm and mitochondria

• Nuclei and centrioles

• Ribosomes and cell membranes

Multiple Choice

What is one of the major differences between the animal cell and plant cell?

• The animal cell does not have a cell membrane, but the plant cell does

• The plant cell does not have a cytoplasm, but the animal cell does

• The animal cell does not have a cell wall, but the plant cell does

• The plant cell does not have a vacuole, but the animal cell does

Multiple Choice

In what way is the DNA of a nerve cell different from the DNA of a muscle cell?

• The DNA is the same but each cell contains different genes

• The DNA is the same but different genes are turned on and turned off in each cell

• The DNA is different, but the same genes are turned on and off in each cell

• The DNA is different, but each cell contains the same genes

Living things have either prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells

• Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes

• Plants, Animals, Fungi, and Protists are eukaryotes

Multiple Choice

All of the following are eukaryotes EXCEPT -

• bacteria

• plants

• protists

• fungi

PRO NO and EU DO

• PROkaryotes have NO nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while EUkaryotes DO have them

• However, BOTH types of cells have DNA, ribosomes, and a cell membrane

Multiple Choice

Which of these is the best model of a prokaryotic cell?

Multiple Choice

The presence of which of the following organelles or structures would most likely indicate that a cell is eukaryotic and NOT prokaryotic?

• Plasma membrane

• Nucleus

• Cell wall

• Ribosomes

Multiple Choice

A eukaryotic cell -

• has a variety of small membrane-bound organelles

• is a bacteria-like organism

• has its DNA concentrated in one are of the cell without a nuclear membrane

• is usually smaller than a prokaryotic cell

Plant vs Animal Cells

• BOTH are eukaryotic, but have several structure unique to each

• Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts (for photosynthesis) and a large central vacuole

• Animal cells have lysosomes, centrioles, and many small vacuoles

Multiple Choice

The cell shown is most likely NOT a plant cell because -

• no nucleus is present

• no cell wall is present

• mitochondria are present

• endoplasmic reticulum is present

Multiple Choice

When comparing a plant cell to an animal cell, only the plant cell will contain -

• ribosomes

• chromosomes

• mitochondria

• chloroplasts

Multicellular organisms have specialized cells

• Specialized cells have specific shapes to carry out specific functions

• Examples include red blood cells and neurons in animals, or stem and leaf cells in plants

Multiple Choice

In multicellular organisms, different types of cells can perform different types of tasks. This is best described as -

• growth

• generalization

• specialization

• development

Multiple Choice

Specialized cells can only be found in -

• animals

• plants

• unicellular organisms

• multicellular organisms

Cell specialization is determined by their DNA

• ALL cells in a single organism have the SAME DNA and genes

• However, each cell expresses (uses) different genes depending on what its function is.

Multiple Choice

All bodily cells have the same DNA. True or False?

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What causes cell specialization?

• The DNA is different in each type of cell.

• Some cells have more or less DNA than others.

• Only specific parts of the DNA are activated.

• The DNA has genes that are expressed the same way.

Post-Assessment

Multiple Choice

Which characteristic of prokaryotic organisms makes them different from eukaryotes?

• Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles

• Prokaryotes do not have chromosomes

• Prokaryotes have DNA

• Prokaryotes are made of cells

Multiple Choice

Under a microscope, a series of cells are observed that lack membrane-bound internal organelles. Which of these is the most likely cell type?

• Prokaryotic cell

• Eukaryotic cell

• Animal cell

• Plant cell

Multiple Choice

Sally looked through her microscope and saw the following cell structures - cell wall, nucleus, chloroplast, and endoplasmic reticula. What type of cell was Sally looking at?

• Animal cell

• Nerve cell

• Muscle cell

• Plant cell

Multiple Choice

Tissue samples taken from the heart and stomach of a grasshopper would be expected to have the same -

• cell shape

• metabolic rate

• DNA

• cell size

Multiple Choice

If all cells in an organism have the exact same DNA, why do many cells look and function differently from each other?

• While the DNA is the same within each cell, the amount of it and its length varies between different cells

• DNA interacts with other chemicals in the organism's body to produce differentiated cells, while ignoring genes

• Cell specialization is determined by gene expression, not the genes themselves

• The structures and function of cells is determined by their location in the body, regardless of the genes within them