Cells and Structure

Cells and Structure

What Structures Do Most Cells Have in Common?

• All cells have a cell membrane 

• All cells contain DNA

• All cells have a cytoplasm inside their cell membrane

• All cells use ribosomes to make protein

What are cell organelles?

Organelles are organ like structures within the cytoplasm that carry out different biochemical processes for the cell. These organelles receive messages from the nucleus to perform their function. Each organelle plays a different role, but for a cell to survive, each must be doing its job.

Here are a few cell organelles

• mitochondria

• vacuoles

• ribosomes

• lysosomes

Open Ended

How are animal cells and plant cells different?

Plant Cells

Plant cells have a cell wall and contain chloroplasts, as well as large, water-filled vacuoles. The plant cell wall works together with the water vacuole to give the plant a more rigid shape. Some plant cells have specialized organelles called chloroplasts. These organelles contain chlorophyll, which is involved in photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

What is the function of a chloroplast?

• to collect water

• to convert sunlight into energy

• to make proteins

Animal Cells

Animal cells lack a cell wall, which makes them more flexible and open to their environment than plant cells.

Why does cell structure matter?

The fact that plant cells often have chloroplasts allows for one of the fundamental differences between plants and animals:

plants can produce their own food that they use for energy, while animals must eat food.

Cell Membrane Structure

The cell membrane contains pores that water can flow through and pores through which specific substances may pass

Cell Membrane Function

• maintains the cell's shape

• protects the cell from the outside environment

Multiple Choice

Which cells have a cell membrane?

• plant cells

• animal cells

• both

Cell Wall Structure

Cell walls are found in plant cells and are made of rigid cellulose

Multiple Choice

What are cell walls made of?

• protein

• rigid cellulose

• lipids

Cell Wall Function

• maintains the cell's shape

• protects the cell from the outside environment

• Makes the cell more sturdy

Structure of Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts contain two membranes and chlorophyll.

Chloroplast Function

• Perform Photosynthesis (convert sunlight into energy)

Lysosome Structure

Lysosomes are membrane bound organelles that consist of many different types of enzymes

Lysosome Function

• digest (break down) food

• remove waste

Multiple Choice

What is the function of a lysosome?

• to make protein

• to break down food and remove waste

• to protect the cell

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