PreAP Biology Interim 3 Review

PreAP Biology Interim 3 Review

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Multiple Choice

The central dogma of biology states that information flows in one direction from

• nuclei to RNA to cytoplasm

• genes to nuclei to ribosomes

• ribosomes to proteins to DNA

• DNA to RNA to proteins

Multiple Choice

In RNA, adenine is paired with___________ .

• Guanine

• Uracil

• Cytosine

• Thymine

Multiple Choice

When DNA converts to mRNA (messenger RNA) which process occurs?

• Transcription

• Translation

• Hydrolysis

• Glycolysis

Fill in the Blank

Transcription occurs in the ______________. It makes ____________.

Open Ended

The code on a DNA strand reads: G C G T A A T G

mRNA strand would transcribe: ____________

Remember the RNA Rules below:

T to A

A to U

C to G

G to C

Fill in the Blank

Translation occurs at the ____________. It makes the____________.

Multiple Choice

What amino acid is represented by the codon UGA? Use the codon chart( click on the magnify glass to enhance chart image)

• Phenylalanine

• Leucine

• Tyrosine

• Stop codon

Multiple Choice

If a DNA strand mutated from GGC to GCA, what would be the new amino acid? (Remember to convert to mRNA first)

• Glycine

• Lysine

• Arginine

• Stop codon

DNA Mutations

Mutations are any change to the DNA.

Mutations can be HELPFUL or HARMFUL depending on what is changed.

Multiple Choice

If DNA segments changes from GGTTAG to GGATAG this is a ___________

• Substitution

• Insertion

• Deletion

DNA Mutations: Main Types of Mutations

Point mutation: changes one base letter into another base letter, can cause a change or not

Silent mutation=point mutation that changes nothing in the protein

Frameshift mutation: adds or deletes a base letter (or more than one)

Moves a section of bases to a different point in the DNA sequence

Causes a huge change to the protein being made Can causes missense mutation: the code is so badly damaged it is not useable to make a protein anymore

Multiple Choice

If pollution and harmful chemicals harmed the liver cells in the body, would that affect future offspring?

• Yes, because once it affects cells it will affect ALL cells

• No, because future offspring can only be affected if the gametes (egg and sperm) are affected

Multiple Choice

How many daughter cells are produced from meiosis ?

• 10
• 6
• 4
• 2

Crossing over of homologous chromosomes

Same length chromosomes crossover with one another to create a chromosome exchange for genetic diversity

Take a Break

Take a 5 minute break to rest or stretch

Multiple Choice

Compared to the number of chromosomes contained in a body cell, how many chromosomes would normally be contained in a gamete?

• The same number

• One-fourth as many

• Twice as many

• Half as many

Multiple Choice

A male shark has 40 chromosomes in each of its sex cells. How many would be present in its body cells?

• 20
• 40
• 80
• 160

Multiple Choice

What combination is heterozygous dominant?

Use these alleles P: purple hair p: blue hair

• PP

• Pp

• pp

Multiple Choice

What combination is homozygous recessive?

Use these alleles P: purple hair p: blue hair

• Pp

• PP

• pp

Multiple Choice

Which combination is homozygous dominant?

Use these alleles P: purple hair p: blue hair

• pp

• PP

• Pp

Open Ended

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Multiple Choice

Based on the accomplished Punnett square, what is the chance of having a homozygous recessive?

• 50%

• 75%

• 25%

• 10%

Multiple Choice

Using the dihybrid cross and key provided, what is the probability of the offspring being tall and white? T=tall b=white

• 9

• 2

• 3

• 6

Take a Break

Take a 5 minute break to rest or stretch

Nonmendelian Genetics

Multiple Choice

Red and white flower make a_________ flower by incomplete dominance.

• pink

• red

• white

Multiple Choice

In the image above, the trait for flower color is controlled by codominance. R codes for red flowers and W codes for white flowers. Which of the following correctly reports the phenotypes?

• 100% red flowers

• 50% white flowers and 50% pink flowers

• 50% red flowers and 50% red and white flowers

• 50% white flowers and 50% red flowers

Multiple Choice

When two or more alleles for a trait exist in a population.  Ex: Different hair colors or blood types

• SHAZAM!
• Multiple Genes
• Multiple Alleles
• Polysaccharide