Because, since, as

Because, since, as

cause and effect

Cause & effect relationship

• When you want to explain why something happens, you can use a clause of reason introduced by a conjunction (because, as and since)

Because

The reason is very important in the sentence.

The students could go home earlier because the teacher was ill.

Because the teacher was ill, the students could go home earlier.

As

The reason is already known.

As we read, we learn.

Since

The reason is already known. (more formal than as)

Since we were in the computer lab, our English has improved.

So

To introduce an effect, we use so. This word can be only at the middle of a sentence.

Make space to store things, so your home is less messy.

Multiple Choice

1. ______________ it was dark and rainy, I couldn’t see the road signs well.

• because

• as

• since

• so

Multiple Choice

2. The kitchen was flooded, ______________ we had to go to a restaurant

• because

• since

• as

• so

Multiple Choice

3. I can’t lend you any money ______________ I don´t have any.

• because

• since

• so

• as

Multiple Choice

______________ we don’t have to study today, let’s go to a picnic

• since

• because

• as

• so

Fill in the Blank

1. Paul was an hour late. He missed the train. (because)

Fill in the Blank

I borrowed your lawn mower. You weren’t using it. (as)

Fill in the Blank

We had no electricity during the storm. We had to use candles. (so)

Fill in the Blank

He needed a good mark. He studied hard for the test. (since)

Fill in the Blank

It’s raining. We have decided to stay at home. (As)

Fill in the Blank

Tim won’t be able to go with us to the theatre. He has to work. (because)

Fill in the Blank

Would you consider it? He asked nicely. (since)

Fill in the Blank

Mary joined the school theatre. she wanted to increase her circle of friends. (as)

Fill in the Blank

I´ve forgotten my password. I can’t read my email. (so)