WEEK 5: SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION LESSON

WEEK 5: SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION LESSON

AFTER THIS LESSON, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO:

• IDENTIFY DIFFERENT TYPE MICROORGANISMS

• DIFFERENTIATE SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

BEFORE HEADING TO THE LESSON

LET'S RECALL LAST WEEK'S LESSONABOUT CELL

Multiple Choice

Which type of cell is not eukaryotic?

• plant
• animal
• bacteria 
• they all are

Multiple Choice

What is the function of chloroplasts?

• make proteins
• collect sun's energy
• create food (sugar) from sun's energy
• control cell activities

Multiple Choice

What is the function of vacuoles?

• store food, waste, and water
• make proteins
• create food from sun's energy and CO2
• control cell activities

Multiple Choice

Why is the mitochondria called the powerhouse of the cell?

• because it releases energy from food 
• because it creates food
• because it stores food
• because it makes proteins

Multiple Choice

What does cytoplasm do?

• protects & supports organelles, and helps transport material
• controls cell activities
• releases energy from food
• contains chlorophyll

Multiple Choice

In what kind of cell can you find a cell wall?

• plant 
• animal 
• both
• neither

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the nucleus?

• store food, water, and waste
• control cell activities
• take in energy from the sun
• give the cell shape

Multiple Choice

What does the cell membrane do?

• controls activities of cell
• releases energy
• stores food, water, and waste
• controls movement in and out of cell

Multiple Choice

According to the number of cell, in which category do bacteria belong?

• Unicellular

• Multicellular

Multiple Choice

Which of the following scientists provided the modern cell theory

• Robert Hooke

• Anton Van Leewenhoek

• Rudolf Virchow

Multiple Choice

Which of the following cell structure is present in plant cell but not in animal cell?

• Cell Wall

• Cytoplasm

• Cell Membrane

DEFINITION OF TERMS:

• MICROORGANISMS (noun)- are organisms that can be seen only with the aid of a microscope.

• GAMETES (noun)- these are sex cells either sperm cell or egg cell.

• MITOSIS- a type of cell division where somatic cells or body cells divide to form 2 new daughter cells.

• MEIOSIS- a type of cell division where sex cells or gametes (sperm and/or egg cells) divide to form 4 new daughter cells.

UNICELLULAR VS. MULTICELLULAR

• Take note of the differences between unicellular and multicellular organisms and their examples.

INTRODUCTION ABOUT MICROORGANISMS

• CLICK THE PLAY BUTTON TO WATCH THE VIDEO.

• REMEMBER TO WRITE DOWN ALL IMPORTANT DETAILS.

THE BENEFICIAL MICROORGANISMS

• LACTOBACCILUS

• PHYTOPLANKTON

• YEAST

• NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA

LACTOBACILLUS

• Probiotics are live microorganisms that are intended to have health benefits when consumed or applied to the body. They can be found in yogurt and other fermented foods, dietary supplements, and beauty products.

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YEAST

• YEAST is a type of fungi used in baking (pampaalsa) and in wine-making (fermentation)

PHYTOPLANKTONS

• PHYTOPLANKTONS are microorganisms that serve as food for aquatic animals.

NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA

• These are bacteria found in soil that help absorption of Nitrogen in plants to make them grow.

HARMFUL MICROORGANISMS

• ESCHERICIA COLI.

• DINOFLAGELLATES AND DIATOMS

• DERMATOPHYTES

• AMOEBA

• GIARDIA INTESTINALIS

• PLASMODIUM VIVAX

DINOFLAGELLATES AND DIATOMS

• This are ALGAE that causes red tide usually referred to as ALGAL BLOOMS.

DERMATOPHYTES AND OTHER FUNGI

• Some fungi including dermatophytes causes Athlete's Foot(Alipunga), An An, Hadhad and Buni

AMOEBA

• Is a PROTOZOA (animal-like protists) that causes amoebiasis or amoebic dysentery usually found in contaminated food and water.

GIARDIA INTESTINALIS

• Causes giardiasis, an intestinal disease.

PLASMODIUM VIVAX

• Is a parasite transmitted by mosquitoes that causes malaria.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following microorganisms is used to make probiotics?

• Dermatophytes

• Lactobaccilus

• Dinoflagellates

Multiple Choice

Which disease is caused by Plasmodium Vivax?

• Amoebiasis

• Giardiasis

• Malaria

• Athlete's Foot

Multiple Choice

Which type of fungi is used in baking and wine-making?

• Mushrooms

• Dermatophytes

• Yeasts

Multiple Choice

Which organism transmits the parasite Plasmodium Vivax?

• Mosquito

• Flies

• Lady Bugs

Multiple Choice

In which category of microorganisms does the CoVid-19 or SARS CoV-2 belongs?

• Bacteria

• Fungi

• Virus

• Protozoa

Microorganisms reproduce rapidly due to its simple structure and size.

But how do they reproduce? In what way microorganisms and other organisms multiply?

REPRODUCTION

• REPRODUCTION is the process where the offspring (new organism) was created from a parent or parents.

•  The two types of reproduction are asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction

• CLICK the play button to play the video on the right. Write down important details.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• Sexual reproduction involves two parents, gametes are produced (one from the male and one from the female) and the offspring are genetically different from the parents.

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FERTILIZATION IN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• Fertilization is the union of male and female gametes to produce a fertilized egg called ZYGOTE.

INTERNAL VS. EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION

• There are 2 ways by which fertilization can occur

INTERNAL FERTILIZATION

• The egg is fertilized within the female reproductive tract.

EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION

• Male and female cluster into a watery or moist environment to simultaneously release their gametes into the surrounding.

• Its advantage is that it produces large number of offspring its disadvantage is that few zygotes survive because of the hazard from environment.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

• A fertilized egg or zygote is produced upon the union of POLLEN (male gamete) and OVUM (female gamete). The zygote develops into an embryo and eventually into fruits which developed from the ovary that contain seeds which is formed from the ovum. 

POLLINATION

• It is the term used for fertilization in plants.

• The process of transferring pollen grains from the anther to the stigma is called pollination. Pollinators are animals that help carry these pollen grains. Examples of pollinators are bees, butterflies, wasps, and small birds.

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION only involves ONE PARENT, there are no gametes (sex cells) produced and the offspring are GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO THE PARENT.

• DISADVANTAGE: since it only has one parent and produces identical offspring, it inherits the weaknesses of the parent.

BINARY FISSION

•  Binary fission is an asexual reproduction where a single parent divide into two. The results are two genetically identical daughter cells.

• Organisms such as bacteria and archaebacteria reproduce thru binary fission.

BUDDING

• In budding, a new organism is formed from a bud which is an outgrowth from the parent. When the bud is separated it becomes a new organism. Yeast and Hydra are examples of organism that reproduce from budding. Some bud remains attached to the parent forming colonies and others separate become free moving and live on its own. 

FRAGMENTATION

• Fragmentation is physically splitting the organism into segments and these segments develop into new organisms. Examples of fragmentation are worms, echinoderms, sponges, and starfish. 

VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION

• It reproduces offspring from its vegetative organs such as stem, roots and leave. Examples are the “eyes” or “dimples” of a potato, stems of strawberries, ginger root, and banana plant.

Multiple Choice

How many parents are involved with sexual reproduction?

• none

• 1

• 2

• 4

Multiple Select

Which organisms reproduce by budding? Click all that apply.

• hydra

• earthworm

• bacteria

• yeast cells

Multiple Choice

What is one advantage of asexual reproduction?

• offspring are different from parents

• diseases are not passed from parent to offspring

• it takes a longer time

• it takes less time

Multiple Choice

How many parents are required for asexual reproduction?

• none

• 1

• 2

• 4

Multiple Choice

How many parents are required for asexual reproduction?

• none

• 1

• 2

• 4

Multiple Choice

Male and female reproductive cells are collectively known as:

• spores

• pollen

• gametes

• offspring

Multiple Select

What are some advantages of asexual reproduction are: (select all that apply)

• it only requires one organism

• it takes less energy than sexual reproduction

• offspring are already well-adapted for the environment

• there is a lot of genetic variety

Multiple Select

Some advantages of sexual reproduction include: (select all that apply)

• genetic variation

• improves chances of adapting to the environment

• helps species survive catastrophes

• it doesn't take as much energy as asexual reproduction

Multiple Choice

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

• it is a faster process

• negative traits of parents may not always be passed to offspring

• it takes more energy and time

• finding a mate is necessary

Multiple Choice

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

• it is a faster process

• negative traits of parents may not always be passed to offspring

• it takes more energy and time

• finding a mate is necessary