Formation of the Universe

Formation of the Universe

Big Bang Theory, Stellar Formation and Evolution, Stellar Explosion

LEARNING TARGETS

• LT1 – I can explain verbally and in writing the formation of the light elements in the Big Bang theory.

   

• LT2 – I can describe verbally and in writing the formation of heavier elements during star formation and evolution.

  
  

•  LT3 – I can describe verbally how elements heavier than iron are formed.

REVIEW of the PREVIOUS DISCUSSION

Open Ended

What does the expansion of space imply about the galaxies’ original state?

What does the expansion of space imply about the galaxies’ original state?

The galaxies must have all been together at some point, (supporting the idea that the universe had a beginning.)

Fill in the Blanks

Based on Edwin Hubble’s observation in 1929, when light waves are travelling away from an observer, their wavelength gets stretched, thus becoming longer. This phenomenon is called-

To further explore Big Bang Theory and Redshift Phenomenon, let us watch this video! Kindly take down notes.

The Best Big Bang Theory By Michio Kaku And Lawrence Krauss Documentary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ix6pCe8iOBg

(0 - 13:50 s)

Based on the documentary presented, how does the Big Bang Theory explain the origin of the universe? (How did it look like, what happened to it?)

Based on the documentary presented, how does the Big Bang Theory explain the origin of the universe? (How did it look like, what happened to it?)

Everything that will become the universe explodes from a point million of times smaller than a pinprick.

Multiple Choice

According to scientists, without the ______________, the universe would be a featureless fog of radiation.

• Planck Time

• Four Fundamental Forces of Nature

• gravity

• quarks

Multiple Choice

In 1964, scientists in New Jersey accidentally discovered a radiation from deep space, through a radio telescope. What did they call this phenomenon?

• redshifting

• CMBR

• radioactive decay

Fill in the Blanks

What does CMBR stand for?

How does the cosmic microwave background radiation support the idea of Big Bang?

How does the cosmic microwave background radiation support the idea of Big Bang?

The CMBR is believed to be the afterglow of the original shockwave that created the universe.

Let us watch this clip (continuation) in preparation for the next questions. Be ready to take down notes!

The Best Big Bang Theory By Michio Kaku And Lawrence Krauss Documentary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ix6pCe8iOBg

(19:40 - 28:09)

Multiple Choice

TRUE OR FALSE: The early universe was thought to be composed of pure matter.

• True

• False

TRUE OR FALSE: The early universe was thought to be composed of pure matter. 

FALSE. It was composed of pure energy.

Multiple Choice

What equation describes that energy and mass are just different forms of the same thing?

• E = mc²

• E = cm²

• E = mc

E = mc²

E = energy

m = mass

c = speed of light

Fill in the Blanks

What apparatus was used by the scientists in Brookhaven National Laboratory to simulate the conditions during the Big Bang?

Multiple Choice

As the cosmic clock reached a millionth of a second, the size of the universe began to ______and its temperature began to_____.

• expand; heat up

• contract; heat up

• expand; cool

• contract; cool

Synthesis Session

Playlist on Stellar Formation and Evolution / Stellar Explosion

Multiple Select

What are the two most abundant elements found in young stars?

• hydrogen

• helium

• lithium

• carbon

• oxygen

Open Ended

What causes hydrogen atoms to fuse? What are the different conditions/factors to be considered for hydrogen fusion to occur?

What causes hydrogen atoms to fuse? What are the different conditions/factors to be considered for hydrogen fusion to occur?

Hydrogen atoms fuse together because of the high temperature and high pressure from a star’s core

Open Ended

What happens when the star runs out of hydrogen atoms? Explain how this event leads to the formation of heavier elements.

What happens when the star runs out of hydrogen atoms? Explain how this event leads to the formation of heavier elements.

When the stars run out of hydrogen atoms and then the helium inside the star will then start to fuse making much heavier elements like carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, etc.. Then after that carbon fuses next making more heavier elements and so on.

Fill in the Blanks

What element is considered to be the "nuclear turnip" of stellar formation and evolution? Why is this so?

Open Ended

How does a stellar explosion happen?

How does stellar explosion happen?

A stellar explosion happens where there is a change in the core of a star. As a star runs out of nuclear fuel, its mass flows into its core. Eventually, the core becomes too heavy that it cannot take its own gravitational force. Its core collapses, which results in a giant explosion.

Open Ended

What is a supernova?

What is a supernova?

A supernova is essentially the splattered remains of a dead star after the explosion caused by its collapse tears it apart into billions, maybe even trillions, of tiny pieces all spreading out far and wide unto the bigger universe.

Open Ended

Write at least 2 thoughts/ideas/reactions about our lesson on the Formation of the Universe.