Ch 22 WWII

Ch 22 WWII

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Multiple Choice

Who became the Fascist dictator of Italy?

• Adolf Hitler

• Hideki Tojo

• Joseph Stalin

• Bennito Mussolini

Multiple Choice

Who was the dictator of Nazi Germany?

• Adolf Hitler

• Hideki Tojo

• Joseph Stalin

• Bennito Mussonlin

Italy and Mussolini

• in 1922 Benito Mussolini became prime minister of Italy and took full control of the government in Italy

• To take control Mussolini outlawed all political parties except Fascism

• Mussolini promised the masses that he would restore Italy to the greatness of the days of the Roman Caesars

• Mussolini believed that power and prestige could only be attained through conquest of foreign territories and markets

• in 1935 Mussolini conquered and annexed Ethopia

Germany and Adolf Hitler

• in 1923 Hitler and the Nazis failed to take over the government

• while in prison Hitler wrote Mein Kampf

• in Mien Kampf Hitler proposed the following three things

• abandoning the league of nations which would rid Germany of democracies influence

• uniting all Germans

• eliminating communism

• Hitler called his regime the Third Reich

Fascism

• is a political movement that promotes extreme nationalism and places great emphasis

• it is characterized by dictatorial one party rule

• while personal ownership of private property was allowed all business and individual activity had to fit within the interest of the state

• they justified such control as claiming to provide economic equality

• to deliver on this pledge of equality they used force to take from the haves and give to the have nots

• 
  

Japan

• Japan planned to extend its power through direct conquest

• first show of force manchuria china 1931

• launched a full scale war on china in 1937

• prime minister through WWII Hideki Tojo

• Emperor Hirohito

• in 1940 Japan joined Italy and Germany in the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo axis

reasons why the US didn't stop Japanese aggression

• distracted by the great depression

• desire to remain isolated

• 
  

• 
  

• 
  

• 
  

Russia and Stalin

• Stalin oversaw systematic terror and bloodshed during and became one of the most savage tyrants of all time

• It is believed that Stalin massacred 10-20 million of his own citizens

• in the 20s Russia became the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic.

Multiple Choice

Hitler was a?

• master military strategist

• master politician

• master mathematician

Hitler

• Hitler was a master politician who could use the following 3 things

• assess other leaders

• predict their responses

• outmaneuver other leaders

Early success

• Germans marched into the Rhineland in 1936

• Germans built the Siegfried line a fortification on the German bank of the Rhine from the Swiss border to the North Sea

• Hitler claims the Siegfried line was a response to the Maginot line

• In 1938 Hitler took control of his homeland Austria

Munich Conference

• Hitler claimed that all he wanted from Czechoslovakia was the Sudetenland which was the portion of Czechoslovakia that was mainly German

• Chamberlain and Daladier used the policy of appeasement

• appeasment is yielding to the demands of an aggressor in order to preserve peace

• 
  

Beginning of war

• Hitler and Stalin sign the Nazis Soviet nonaggression pact

• they agree not to attack each other for the next 10 years

• the secret agreement between the two dictators is to give Stalin control of the Baltic countries and Finland and Germany could attack Poland and have the western portion.

beginning of war

• on Sept. 1, 1939 the German Polish war began

• on September 3, 1939 Great Britain and France declare war on Germany and WWII had officially begun

• Blitzkrieg means lightning war

• In may of 1940 Germany attacks France, and trap the French and British troops at Dunkirk

Miracle of Dunkirk

• using 850 boats of all types that could cross the channel

• 338,000 out of 400,000 troops were rescued

• This was Prime Minister Winston Churchill's first success of the war, Churchill had only been in command a few days when this took place

• 
  

Battle of Britain

• was fought in the summer and fall of 1940

• in the skies over Southern England and the English channel

• 
  

Barbarossa

• surprise attack on Russia

• the German's planned to attack these three cities

• Lenningrad in the north

• Moscow in the center

• Stalingrad in the south

Multiple Choice

Which fortified defensive line was built by the Germans

• Maginot

• Siegfried

Multiple Choice

yielding to the demands of an aggressor in order to preserve peace?

• Blitzkrieg

• fascism

• appeasement

• totalitarianism

Multiple Choice

means lightning war

• blitzkrieg

• fascism

• totalitarianism

• appeasment

Multiple Choice

political movement that promtes extreme nationalism and places great emphasis on militarism

• blitzkrieg

• fascism

• totalitarianism

• appeasement

Multiple Choice

a government that regulates every aspect of life

• blitzkrieg

• fascism

• totalitarianism

• appeasement

Multiple Choice

September 1, 1939 was the beginning of the German Polish war

• true

• false

Isolation and Infamy

Sect 2

Multiple Choice

What did FDR speak of when he said "a day which shall live in infamy"?

• D-Day

• Germany attacking France

• Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor

• The dropping of the first atomic bomb

Multiple Choice

On what day was Pearl Harbor attacked?

• Sept. 1, 1939

• June 6th, 1944

• May 1, 1945

• December 7th, 1941

Section 2

Isolation and Infamy

Multiple Choice

On what day did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?

• Sept. 1 1939

• May 1 1940

• December 1 1941

• Dec. 7 1941

Background

• Many Americans believed that the US sat safely behind 2 ocean walls protected from the war

Major Forces that Kept the US on the Sidelines of the War

• first tradition held America to an isolationist foreign policy

• second isolationism was spurred by the war debt problem

• third the great deperession kept most Americans focused on domestic rather than international concerns

Americans false hope

• first they believed that Frances Maginot line would stop Hitler's tanks

• second they believed Germans could not sustain their war effort for long without additional oil, rubber, and food supplies

• third they hoped that the German people themselves would no longer support their mad dictator's bloody ambitions

Multiple Choice

What kept most Americans focused on domestic rather than international concerns?

• Dust bowl

• WWI

• Great Depression

Nervous Neutrality

• Neutrality Act of 1939: belligerents could only purchase weaponary from the US on a cash basis

• Isolationist nad pacifist started the America First Committee

Four Freedoms

• freedom of speech

• freedom of worship

• freedom from want

• freedom from fear

Aid to the Allies

• Lend Lease Act: Roosevelt could supply any allied nation with war material on almost any terms he desired

• https://youtu.be/ljDyho6AZ6A

  Claire Chennault who had become an advisor to the Chinese Air Force developed the AVG more widely known as the Flying Tigers

• The Flying Tigers official name was the American Volunteer Group

• https://youtu.be/G7CnzqnXUpY

Atlantic Charter

was a list of common principles developed by Roosevelt and Churchill

Remember Pearl Harbor

• Japan's desire for territory placed increasing strain on US Japanese relations

• When Japan siezed Indo China Roosevelt places on Oil embargo on Japan

• Douglas MacArthur was names commander of all American forces in the Far East

• Becasue Japan wanted resource rich British and Dutch colonies the US became a threat to Japan's desires

Multiple Choice

Who attacked the US on Dec. 7th 1941?

• Germany

• Italy

• Japan

• Austria

Pearl Harbor

• Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor Dec. 7th 1941

• 21 ships were either sunk or heavily damaged

• at least 300 aircraft were destroyed

• 2,403 men were killed, and 1,200 wounded making for over 3,600 casualties

other Japanese Conquest in Dec. of 41

• Guam

• Hong Kong

• Wake Island

• Gilbert Islands

Reasons why Pearl Harbor was not a complete success

• they missed the American aircraft carriers

• by not sending a third wave of planes to completely destroy the American Naval base

• with one blow the Japanese had done what Hitler atrocities and aggressions could not do it united the American nation to enter the war

• 
  

Multiple Choice

On what peninsula were the Americans forced to retreat to on the Philippines?

• Bataan

• Florida

• Delmarva

• Santa Cruz

Philippines

• The Japanese forced the Americans to retreat to the Bataan peninsula

• to prevent the capture of General MacArthur he is evacuated to Australia

• He is known for saying "I shall return"

First strike against the the Japanese

• The Dolittle raid was a raid by 16 B 25 bombers led by Col. James Dolittle they launched from aircraft carriers to bomb Tokyo and land in Japan

• it encouraged Americans and surprised the Japanese

• 
  

Multiple Choice

Which battle is considered to be the turning point of the war in the Pacific?

• Battle of Iwo Jima

• Battle of Guadalcanal

• Battle of Midway

• Battle of Leytte Gulf

Midway

• In May of 1942 the US stopped the Japanese conquest of the Pacific at the battle of the Coral sea

• the battle of Midway was the turning point of the war

• by breaking the Japanese code the US were able to set a trap at Midway and have the element of surprise

• Chester Nimitz was the Admiral of the Pacific fleet

• 4 of the Japanese carriers were destroyed at Midway

Home Front

• the "idea that each citizen should be a soldier" came from the French revolution

• the war was won on the battlefield and in the factory

• the price of mobilization was

• the surrendering of some individual freedom

• enormous expansion of federal power over the entire economy through regulation

Mobilizing the economy

• the war production board halted nearly all domestic building to conserve materials for war production

• nationwide rationing was required for conserving vital goods

• 
  

• 
  

• 
  

Women at war

• nearly 268,000 women join women's auxiliary units of the military branches

• WAC: Women's Army Corps

• WAVES: Women accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service

• WASP: Women Air Service Pilots

• Women played a vital role on the assembly line and in shipyards

AXIS Taxes

only 5% of the workforce were required to pay an income tax in 1939

Multiple Select

Which of the following made up Roosevelt's Four Freedoms?

• Freedom of want

• freedom of speech

• freedom of worship

• freedom from want

• freedom from fear

Multiple Choice

woman played a vital role on the war front.

• true

• false

Multiple Select

Which of the following were the three major forces that kept the Us out of WW2?

• tradition

• lack of pride

• war debt

• great depression

Multiple Choice

Which battle stopped Japanes conquest across the pacific

• Battle of Midway

• Battle of the Coral sea

• Battle of Iwo Jima

• Battle of Guadalcanal

The Fight for Fortress Europe

Section 3

Multiple Choice

Who was the German commander known as the desert fox?

• Hitler

• Goring

• Rommel

• Himmler

Hitler's occupation of Europe was

• imposing

• seemingly invincible

• https://youtu.be/G6Kmiz9Yh0Q

Desert War

• British controlled Egypt and the Suez Canal

• Erwin Rommel was sent to take command of the Axis forces in North Africa

• Because of the use of his Africa Korps he became known as the Desert Fox

• Africa Korps an elite armored division

• Bernard Montgomery was sent to take over the British forces in North Africa and won the Battle of El Alamein

• https://youtu.be/v76WkMtlGhc

Operation Torch

• Gen. Eisenhower was put in charge of the American forces that landed in the Algers

• The goal of the operation was to trap the German forces between the advancing British and American forces in Tunisia

• The Germans were trapped and defeated at Tunis

• the Result of the battle was that the Axis powers in North Africa were defeated

• 
  

Casablanca Conference

• The Free French were made up of the French forces under Gen de Gaulle that escaped the country when the Nazis conquered France

• Casablanca was a meeting to develop an allied strategy for the assult on Hitler's Europe

• Churchill argued that Mussolini's Italy was the soft underbelly of Europe

• 
  

Up the Boot

• The invasion of Italy began with an attack on Sicily

• once the island of Sicily was under allied control they could use it as a jumping off point to attack Italy

• The allies landed at Salerno and Anzio on the boot of Italy

• Italy surrencered in Sept. 1943

Multiple Choice

On What day did D-Day occur?

• Jan. 4, 1941

• Dec. 7,1941

• June 6, 1944

• May 1, 1945

D-Day

• occurred on June 6, 1944

• Due to the weather forecast, Rommel went home to celebrate his wife's birthday on June 6 1944

• Gen. Eisenhower was named Supreme Allied Commander

• Allies launched their attack at Normandy France

• https://youtu.be/RIIN0Ug8wg8

Three reasons why the Nazis could not stop the attack on D-Day

• out planned

• out equipped

• out numbered

• Genereal Patton led the Americans to Paris

Battle of the Buldge

• on December 16, 1944 launched a counter attack

• because the Germans created a bulge in the Allied lines the battle was named the battle of the bulge

• Gen. McAuliffe told the German commander Nuts when the German commander demanded surrender

• https://youtu.be/8a8fqGpHgsk

• https://youtu.be/kBDTsmz27To

The two pronged attack in the Pacific

• General MacArthur would lead the US Army and in the southern force

• Admiral Nimitz would lead the Central Pacific force

• these two campaigns were planned to meet up in the Philippines

• 
  

• 
  

Island hoping

• in August of 1942 the drive to defeat Japan began when the Marines landed on the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon islands

• American forces began island hoping towards Tokyo

the Marianas

• the Japanese resistance became desperate and bitter during the summer of 1944

• The most significant fight of the summer was the taking of the Mariana islands of Saipan and Guam

• The capture of the Marianas allowed allied bombers to target both the Japanese home islands and the Philippines

Fight for the Philippines

• the battle of Leyte Gulf was the largest naval battle in history

• During the battle of Leyte Gulf the Japanese begin using Kamikazes squadrons

• Kamikazes: were suicide pilots whose mission was simply to crash their bomb carrying planes into American warships

Iwo Jima

• the planners decided to conquer Iwo Jima as a place for damaged B- 29s could land as they returned from bombing raids

• Iwo Jima was the costliest battle ever for the US Marines

• the Marines landed on Feb. 19 1945, with as force of 70,000 men

Okinawa

• Okinawa was the bloodiest single campaign of the war

• Okinawa would provide the US a base to intensivfy the bombing of mainland Japan as well as providing a jumping off point for the invasion of Japan

• for the Japanese defeating the Americans would mean keeping their enemy at a defensible position

• 12,000 US servicemen were killed in the battle of Okinawa

• the grim tale of Okinawa was an indication of the difficulty America would face when invading main land Japan

Planning for Victory

• President Roosevelt choose Harry Truman to be his Vice President in 1944

• the formation of an international organization for peace known as the United Nations was a major part of Roosevelt's Yalta agenda

• Wherever the Red army advanced Nazis control was simply replaced with communist control

• 
  

• 
  

Victory Achieved

• On May 7 1945 the Nazis surrendered

• V-E Day means Victory in Europe

• Truman soon learned that working with our allies was the hardest work of all

• a puppet government is one this is supposedly in control but is actually dominated by an outside power

The bombs

• On August 6, 1945 the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima

• On August 9, 1945 the second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki

• on September 2 1945 Japan surrendered

• V-J Day means victory over Japan

silent guns

• it is estimated that 50 million men,women, and children were killed in WWII

• a heavy mantle of leadership was laid on the shoulders of America by winning WWII

• America would soon learn that vigilince in peace was just as importnat as vigilince in war

•