6.1 Interwar Period

6.1 Interwar Period

1919-1939

Multiple Choice

The Treaty of Versailles blamed who for causing World War I?

• Austria

• Hungary

• Germany

• Ottoman Empire

Multiple Choice

What is NOT one of the causes of the Great Depression in the US?

• Increasing consumer debt

• Buying stocks on Margin

• Stock market crash

• Free market on trade

Interwar Period

Interwar Period

This is the period of time between WWI & WWII (1919-1939)

During this time a lot happens in both the US and around the world!

United States

-Roaring 20’s, Great Depression,

changes in US Foreign Policy

Around the World

-Hitler takes power, rebuilds his military

and sets eyes for expansion

-Benito Mussolini takes power

-Stalin established communism in Soviet Union (Russia) 

-Japan begins expanding into China

Multiple Choice

The interwar period is the time period...

• between WWI & WWII

• before WWI

• before WWII

• between WWII & the Cold War

Isolationism

Post WWI

-After WWI America focused on Isolating itself, especially from Europe & Asia

-America felt safe because of the Oceans that separate themselves from Europe and Asia

-America raised tariffs, restricted immigration, and demanded debts from allies! Refused to join the League of Nations!

(Even though the U.S. wanted to be Isolated they didn’t always stay Isolated)

Washington Naval Conference

-Leading world powers limited the size of their navies 

Kellogg-Briand Peace Act

-62 nations signed renouncing war

Multiple Choice

a policy in which a nation avoids entanglement in foreign wars

• Militarism

• Isolationism

• Totalitarianism

• Fascism

Multiple Choice

What policy did the United States practice before World War I?

• Imperialism

• Isolationist

• Miltarism

• Expansionist

Multiple Choice

What policy did the United States practice after WWI

• Imperialism

• Isolationist

• Miltarism

• Expansionist

Old U.S. Foreign policy

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

-U.S. would oppose any European power to establish powers in the West Hemisphere 

The Big Stick Policy was in addition to Monroe Doctrine  

Big Stick Policy (1904)

-Prevented European countries from forcing countries to pay their debt

-The policy was also used as justification to send troops to smaller countries (Latin American Countries) that had shaky governments

Dollar Diplomacy Diplomacy (1909)

If a Latin American Country refused to pay a loan back on time the US would send troops to that country to make them pay it

Multiple Choice

Is the United States in the Western or Eastern Hemisphere?

• Western

• Eastern

• North

• South

Multiple Choice

The Monroe Doctrine was designed to keep who out of the Western Hemisphere?

• America

• Latin American Countries

• Germany

• European Countries

Multiple Choice

The Big Stick Policy did what?

• Prevented European countries from forcing countries to pay their debt

• Made threat against countries

• Forced Latin American Countries to be apart of America

• Forced European countries to pay their debts to Latin America countries

Multiple Choice

Did Latin America like having the US involved in their international affairs with the Big Stick Policy and Dollar Diplomacy?

• Yes

• No

FDR's New Policy

*Surprise - Latin America was kinda mad at the US for the “Big Stick Policy” and the “Dollar Diplomacy Policy”  

*FDR wanted to improve the relations between America and their Neighbors that they share the Western Hemisphere with.

Good Neighbor Policy

FDR wanted to emphasize cooperation and trade rather than military force to maintain stability in the Western Hemisphere

-agreed not to interfere in Latin America’s international problems

-Relations between the US and Latin America began to improve

Multiple Choice

What did FDR's Good Neighbor Policy do?

• FDR wanted to pay reoperations to Latin American countries

• FDR wanted to create an alliance with Latin American countries to help them from European countries

• FDR wanted to promote trade with these countries and agreed not to interfere with Latin America’s international problems

• FDR wanted to completely isolate and leave the Latin American countries alone

Rise of Dictators

Germany - Adolf Hitler

-With the economic hardship from the Great depression and the treaty of Versailles Hitler was able to take power in Germany 

He quickly established a dictatorship and planned for German domination around Europe

Italy - Benito Mussolini

-Through force and fear Mussolini took power in Italy and set up a Fascist Dictatorship

-Germany and Italy become friends Russia

Joseph Stalin

-Through Russian Revolution Stalin sets up Communist Government and becomes a totalitarian dictator in the newly named Soviet Union

-The Soviet Union and Germany start out as friends but later turn enemies

Japan 

Controlled by Military leaders Japan sets their eyes on expansion

Multiple Choice

What group did Hitler blame for Germany's economic problems?

• gypsies

• Poles

• Russians

• Jews

Multiple Choice

What areas saw a rise of Dictator after WWI because of the Depression?

• USSR, Germany and Italy

• Russia, Germany and Japan

• Japan , Germany and Austria

• US, Germany and USSR

Multiple Choice

Who is this person?

• Stalin

• Hitler

• Kerensky

• Tojo

Multiple Choice

Who is this person?

• Hitler

• Stalin

• Mussolini

• Tojo

Multiple Choice

Which title best summarizes this list?

• Dictators of the Interwar Period

• Ambassadors from the Interwar Period

• Monarch of the Interwar Period

• Presidents from the Interwar Period

Failure of League of Nations

Collective Security 

-Peaceful nations will band together to stop aggressors in the world

-This failed with the League of Nations

-Even though it was the United States idea to have a peaceful organization they did not join

-They were afraid of being pulled into further conflict

-The Soviet Union also didn’t join Two big powers in the world…

Effect of failure of League of Nations and Collective Security 

-Hitler rebuilt the German Army

-Italy attacked Ethiopia

-Germany bombed Spain

-Japan invaded China

Multiple Choice

Why didn't the Senate approve the Treaty of Versailles?

• They were mad President Wilson didn't take any key members with him when discussing treaty

• They didn't want U.S. troops drawn into future conflicts

• They wanted to become allies with Germany after WWI

• Feared League of Nations would become to strong

Neutrality Acts

With tensions rising in Europe and the prospect of another War coming the US passed a series of Laws to try and keep out of the fight

Neutrality Acts (1935-1937)

-Prohibited Americans from traveling on the ships of nations at war

-Americans not allowed to sell weapons to countries at war

-Americans could sell non-military goods to Britain and other nations opposed to aggression

**Only by “Cash & Carry” (they could buy it but would have to come pick it up)

Significance?

The US still wasn’t ready to pick a side officially but they were taking steps to help out Britain

Multiple Choice

Congress passes three Neutrality Acts between 1935 and 1937. What was the overall purpose of those acts?

• To prevent American involvement in any foreign conflict.

• To push the united States in to the war.

• To help the United States recover from the Great Depression

• To give women the right to vote.

Multiple Choice

law that allowed nations at war to purchase U.S. goods if they paid in full and transported the goods themselves

• Cash-and-Carry
• Lend-Lease Act
• Selective Training and Service Act
• Neutrality Acts

Multiple Choice

What stated that the US would not sell war materials or give loans to nations at war?

• Neutrality Acts

• Lend-Lease Act

• Atlantic Charter

China & Japan

In 1937 Japan and China problems escalate, Japan invades China and begins pushing further inland

Quarantine Speech (1937)

-FDR delivers a speech saying peaceful countries have to act together to quarantine from aggressive nations

-Boycott aggressive nation

-A lot of Americans at this time wanted to remain neutral and boycotted the possibility of war

Multiple Choice

Industrialization in Japan led to a growing demand for---

• natural resources

• universities

• immigrant labor

• democracy

War begins in Europe

War (1939)

War begins in Europe, Germany against France and Great Britain

-Americans still wanted to avoid it, but they prepared for it anyways

**Peacetime draft - increased spending on army and navy

Destroyer & base agreement (1940)

-Britain needed supplies but had no cash

-US exchanged 50 Naval Destroyers (big ships) for the use of military bases 

Lend-Lease Act (1941)

-Sell, lease, or lend war materials to any country vital to the defense of the U.S.

-American battleships began protecting British ships crossing the Atlantic with supplies for Britain

Multiple Choice

What was the purpose of the Lend-Lease Act that was passed in March of 1941?

• It was part of the New Deal

• It was to help American farmers get new farming equipment.

• It put American factors back to work.

• It allowed the United States to sell, lend, or give ships, planes, tanks, or other equipment to the Allies.

Multiple Choice

How did the U.S. support the war without getting directly involved?

• isolationism

• Holocaust

• Pearl Harbor

• Lend-Lease Act

Multiple Choice

The Lend Lease Act allowed

• Axis powers to transfer troops

• The Maginot Line to be built

• Hitler to invade Poland

• America to loan military supplies to allied countries

The US Officially enters in 1941

Inevitable

Throughout the 1930’s the US foreign policy shifts from Isolation/neutrality to intervention (not a bad thing!)

**Meaning not involved to involved

-FDR knew that war was inevitable but he kept the U.S. out for as long as he could

-Preparing and then finally entering the War does get the US out of the Great Depression

-In 1941 America began directly shipping goods to Britain (the US had picked a side even though they had declared war yet)

Pearl Harbor

-The United States is attacked by Japan

-The United States declares war on Japan, entering themselves into WWII