Passive Structrures

Passive Structures

Passive voice

• Focuses on the ACTION and WHO or WHAT EXPERIENCES it.

• Common in FORMAL LANGUAGE (YOU NEED TO USE IT IN YOUR WRITINGS)

Passive structures

• Verb be + past participle

• We use by when we want to mention the agent of the action because it is worthwhile being mentioned.

• it can be used in ANY tense and also with Modal Verbs

Causative Forms

• Used to express that SOMEONE ELSE DOES SOMETHING FOR YOU

• It can be used in ANY tense

• Subject + GET/HAVE + object + Past Participle

• Example: I got my hair cut yesterday

Multiple Choice

Change 'You should go to a doctor to look at that.' to the causative.

• You should have looked at that by a doctor.

• You should have a look at that doctor .

• You should get that looked at by a doctor.

Multiple Choice

Change 'Heidi wants to go to a manicurist to do her nails.' to the causative.

• Heidi wants a manicurist who done her nails.

• Heidi wants to have done her nails by a manicurist.

• Heidi wants to have her nails done by a manicurist.

Multiple Choice

Change 'I will make the principal expel you from this School.' to the causative.

• She will have expelled you by the principal .

• She will have the principal expelled.

• She will have you expelled by the principal.

Multiple Choice

Change 'We're paying a mechanic to fix our car.' to the causative.

• We're getting our car fixed by a mechanic.

• We'll having a mechanic to fix our car.

• We're getting the mechanic fixed to pay our car.

Multiple Choice

Change 'The barber cut my hair yesterday.' to the causative.

• I get the barber cut my hair.

• The barber had cut my hair.

• I had my hair cut by the barber.

Impersonal Reporting

• Expresses commonly held believes or ideas

• Uses passive reporting verbs like: say, believe, think...

• Subject + passive reporting verb + infinitive

• It + passive reporting verb + that...

Impersonal Reporting

• For example:

• ACTIVE: They claim that the suspect stole from the bank

• It is claimed that the suspect stole from the bank

• The suspect is claimed to have stolen from the bank

Impersonal Reporting

• For example:

• ACTIVE: People argue that dogs make better pets than cats:

• It is argued that dogs make better pets than cats

• Dogs are argued to make better pets than cats

Multiple Select

"They said the president had made the decision" (choose 2)

• It was said that the decision had been made by the president"

• The decision was said to be make.

• The president is said to make the decision.

• The president was said to have made the decision"

Multiple Choice

People believe the company stole over a million pounds

• It is believe that the company stole over a million pounds

• The company is believe to stole over a million pounds

• The company is believed to have stolen over a million pounds

• The company is believed to steal over a million pounds

Multiple Choice

They claim the criminal is living abroad

• The criminal is claim to be living abroad

• It is claim that the criminal is living abroad

• The criminal is claim to living abroad

• It is claimed that the criminal is living abroad

Multiple Choice

Active: "People believe that bats bring luck"

Impersonal Passive: _____________________

• It was said that bats bring luck.

• It is said that bats bring luck.

• Bats believed to bring luck.