Factors Affecting Foetal Development

Factors Affecting Foetal Development

Human Reproduction

Multiple Select

What substances are transferred from the mother's blood to the baby's blood?

• Oxygen

• Antibodies

• Urea

• Carbon dioxide

• Nutrients

Multiple Choice

How wide does the cervix need to be for labour to start?

• 2cm

• 10cm

• 22cm

• 30cm

Multiple Select

Which of these are gametes?

• Foetus

• Sperm

• Pollen

• Egg

• Neurone

Multiple Choice

Where does the fertilised egg cell implant in the female reproductive system?

• Vagina

• Oviduct

• Cervix

• Uterus

Multiple Choice

How long is the gestational period in humans?

• 60 days

• 85 days

• 270 days

• 360 days

Learning Objectives

• Describing how chemicals can be harmful to the body

• Describing how chemicals can affect an unborn baby

• Explaining how pregnant women can stay healthy

Open Ended

What do you already know about how pregnant women can protect themselves and their unborn babies? What do they need to do (or not do) to stay healthy?

Placenta

The baby gains all its food in chemical form from the mothers blood as it develops.

So any dangerous / harmful chemicals the mother takes in will get to the babies blood supply.

As the baby is smaller and growing quickly harmful chemicals could have serious impacts on its development.

Multiple Choice

A pint of beer is the equivalent of 2 units of alcohol. A large glass of wine is the equivalent of 3 units of alcohol. What is the maximum number of units of alcohol that an adult should drink in a week?

• 3

• 14

• 25

• 64

Open Ended

Why do you think they tell pregnant women not to drink alcohol?

Effects of Alcohol

When a pregnant woman drinks, the alcohol passes through the umbilical cord and placenta to her baby.

This can stop the baby from growing the way they should. Alcohol can affect their brain and other organs.

It also can cause other serious problems, including: miscarriage, still birth, early labour, birth defects

Foetal Alcohol Syndrome

This can affect the way a baby looks, thinks, and learns. The mental and developmental disabilities usually last a lifetime.

It causes babies to be born very small, with underdeveloped nervous systems and liver

Effects of Smoking

Smoking, even whilst not pregnant, is very dangerous for health!

Cigarettes contain thousands of toxic chemicals that poison our bodies, including many known carcinogens

Carcinogens are chemicals that can cause cancers

Cigarettes contain nicotine, which is highly addictive and makes it difficult for many people to stop smoking

Effects of Smoking

• Lowers the amount of oxygen to the baby

• Increases baby's heart rate

• Increases chance of miscarriage

• Stunts growth

• Chances of breathing difficulties

Multiple Select

Which of these are chemicals found in cigarettes?

• Lighter fluid

• Toilet cleaner

• Insecticide

• Battery acid

• Candle wax

Secondhand Smoking

Secondhand smoke is the combination of smoke from a burning cigarette and smoke exhaled by a smoker.

The smoke that burns off the end of a cigarette or cigar actually contains more harmful substances (tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and others) than the smoke inhaled by the smoker.

If a pregnant woman is regularly exposed to secondhand smoke, she will have an increased chance of having a stillbirth, a low birthweight baby, a baby with birth defects, and other complications of pregnancy.

Multiple Select

Which of these problems might occur in the baby if a woman smokes whilst pregnant?

• Lung problems

• Small birth weight

• Miscarriage

• Liver problems

• Premature birth

Multiple Select

What effects does alcohol have on an unborn baby?

• Small birthweight

• High intelligence

• Learning difficulties

• Breathing difficulties

• Underdeveloped nervous system

Multiple Choice

What is the proper name for a chemical that causes cancer?

• Cancinogen

• Oncologen

• Carcinogen

• Collagen

Open Ended

Other than avoiding smoking and alcohol, what else should a pregnant woman do to keep her and her baby healthy?

Healthy Pregnancy

Eating a nutritious diet during pregnancy is linked to good brain development and a healthy birth weight, and can reduce the risk of many birth defects.

Many women choose to take extra vitamins eg. folic acid is good for brain and spinal cord development

Multiple Select

Do you know which of these foods pregnant women are told not to eat?

• Seafood

• Red meat

• Fresh mayonnaise

• Soft cheese

• Peanuts

Healthy Pregnancy

Moderate exercise can help keep the mother healthy and improve:

- Energy levels

- Sleep

- Muscle strength

- Back pain

- Stress levels

Multiple Choice

How many units of alcohol should a pregnant woman drink each week?

• 14

• 26

• 0

• 3

Multiple Select

Small birth weight can be caused by:

• lack of nutrition

• alcohol

• seafood

• smoking

• too much exercise

Multiple Choice

Which type of vitamin are pregnant women encouraged to take to encourage healthy brain and spinal cord development?

• Vitamin C

• Vitamin D

• Glucose

• Folic acid

Poll

How do you feel about the whole human reproduction topic so far?

• I understand all of it!

• I need to go over the key words again

• I'm struggling with the parts of the reproductive systems

• I need help!

Open Ended

Any questions?