Study Tool Linguistics

 Study Tool Linguistics

                            

Linguistics Foreign Language

Licenciada Marta Arévalo de Barrios

Nombre: Dennysse Michel Argueta Estrada

Carnet: 14199    

What is Linguistics

• The scientific study of language. Linguists study the nature and characteristics of human language. 

Areas it studies

Theoretical linguistics and Applied linguistics

Theoretical linguistics 

• Phonetics- the study of the physical sounds of languages, particularly the production and perception of those sounds.

• Phonology- the study of how sounds are organized and used in languages to encode meaning.

• Morphology, the study of the internal structure of words. 

• Syntax, the study of the rules that govern the way the words in a sentence come together.

• Semantics, the study of meaning.

• Pragmatics, the study of the way language can communicate more than is explicitly stated.

Applied linguistics

• Language acquisition, the study how we acquire our native language (first language acquisition), and how we learn other languages (second language acquisition).

• Psycholinguistics, the study of the connection between thinking and the use of language.

• Neurolinguistics, the study of the neural mechanisms involved in the comprehension, production and abstract knowledge of language.

• Sociolinguistics, the study of the relationship between language and society.

• Historical linguistics, the study of the origin of words.

• Anthropological linguistics, the study of the relationship between language and culture. 

What is Phonetics

• Phonetics is the study of speech sounds and their physiological production and acoustic qualities.

• It deals with the configurations of the vocal tract used to produce speech sounds

Phonology

• Phonology is the study of the sound patterns that occur within languages. This includes intonation and accentuation.

• Diachronic (historical) phonology examines and constructs theories about the changes and modifications in speech sounds and sound systems over a period of time.

• Synchronic (descriptive) phonology investigates sounds at a single stage in the development of a language, to discover the sound patterns that can occur

What is Morphology

• The study of the internal construction of words. 

• Words can be analyzed into word elements or morphemes. 

• It includes the grammatical process of inflection, which marks categories such as person, tense and case (work, works worked), and derivation, the formation of new words from existing words 

What is Syntax?

• Parts of speech ◦ Agreement (person, tense, gender) ◦ Good for Latin, French, Spanish, but not necessarily other languages

• Refers to the rules that govern the ways in which words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences.

• The term "syntax" comes from the Greek, meaning "arrange together." 

What is Semantics?

• can address meaning at the levels of words, phrases, sentences, or larger units of discourse.

• Polysemy (head, foot), ◦ Synonymy, Antonymy. ◦ Hyponymy (robin/bird). ◦ Homonymy (bat, bank) ◦ Metonymy (nice wheels, The White House announced)

• the meanings of words and phrases in a particular context.

What is Pragmatics?

• Is the study of meaning in language in a particular context.

• Includes the place where the thing is said, who says it, and the things that you have already said. 

• Studies how people speak when they both know something.

• Is the use of appropriate communication in social situations (knowing what to say, how to say it, and when to say it).

Multiple Choice

What is Linguistics?

• The scientific study of meaning

• The scientific study of universal words.

• The scientific study of language.

Multiple Choice

What two fields does linguistics study?

• Theoretical linguistics and Applied linguistics

• Theoretical linguistics and Applied Syntax

• Theoretical Lingua and Applied Morphology

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

What is phonetics?

• the study and systematic classification of the sounds made in spoken utterance.

• the study and systematic classification of the sounds made by phones

• the study and systematic classification of the sounds made in babies

Multiple Choice

What is Phonology?

• The study of speech sounds of a language or languages, and the laws governing them.

• The study of speech sounds of a primate , and the laws governing them.

• The study of speech sounds of a baby.

Multiple Choice

What is Morphology?

• A study and description of word formation (such as inflection, derivation, and compounding) in language.

• A study and description of connotations (such as inflection, derivation, and compounding) in language.

• A study and description of sounds (such as inflection, derivation, and compounding) in language.

Multiple Choice

Which best describes Syntax?

• Correct syntax examples include word choice, matching number and tense, and placing words and phrases in the right order.

• Correct syntax examples include word choice, matching numbers and tension, and placing words and phrases in the right order.

• Correct syntax examples include sight words, matching number and tense, and placing words and phrases in the aphabetical order.

Multiple Choice

Which best describes Semantics?

• Study and the classification of changes in the signification of shapes or forms viewed as factors in linguistic writing.

• Study and the classification of changes in the signification of words or forms viewed as factors in linguistic development.

• Study and the classification of changes in the signification of letters and sounds viewed as factors in linguistic development.

Multiple Choice

What is Pragmatics?

• A branch of linguistics that is concerned with the relationship of sentences to the environment in which they occur.

• A branch of linguistics that is concerned with the relationship of sounds to the manner in which they occur.

• A branch of linguistics that is concerned with the relationship of humans to the environment in which they occur.