400 Must Have Words for the TOEFL - Unit 4

400 Must Have Words for the TOEFL

Unit 4

Fill in the Blank

Something that restricts thought or action

→ The _____ of military life kept Eileen from seeing Private Morris more than once a month.

Parts of speech

constrain v.

Fill in the Blank

Being made less clean by a germ or hazardous substance

→ The _____ in the river came from the factory located just upstream.

Parts of speech

contaminate v., contaminant n.

Fill in the Blank

To greatly decrease the supply of a resource or material

→ The prolonged war _____ the country’s national treasury.

Parts of speech

depletion n.

Fill in the Blank

To throw away; to get rid of; to kill

→ She _____ of her unwanted possessions before moving.

Usage tips

Dispose of should be learned as a unit.In this meaning, dispose does not occur without of.

Parts of speech

disposal n., disposable adj.

Fill in the Blank

In terms of elements; basically

→ _____, coal and diamonds are the same.

Parts of speech

element n., elemental adj.

Fill in the Blank

Sending out from a small space into the general environment; a substance discharged into the air

→ The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the _____ of pollutants into the air.

Usage tips

Emission is usually followed by an of phrase.

Parts of speech

emit v.

Fill in the Blank

Complete disappearance; the end of existence

→ Human beings have caused the _____ of many other species.

Usage tips

Extinction implies an absolute end; an extinct thing cannot be brought back into existence.

Parts of speech

extinct adj.

Fill in the Blank

A place where a liquid is collected and stored

→ Cult members threatened to poison the town’s water _____.

Parts of speech

reserve v.

Fill in the Blank

To become reduced in size, amount, or value

→ If you dry your clothing on the “high heat” setting, they may _____.

Parts of speech

shrinkage n., shrinkable adj.

Fill in the Blank

Firm and dependable; showing little change

→ He fell because the ladder wasn’t _____.

Parts of speech

stability n., stably adv.

Multiple Choice

Find the word that is closest in meaning to the opposite of this word:

stable

• keep

• expand

• unsteady

• existing

• purity

Multiple Choice

Find the word that is closest in meaning to the opposite of this word:

contamination

• keep

• expand

• unsteady

• existing

• purity

Multiple Choice

Find the word that is closest in meaning to the opposite of this word:

extinct

• keep

• expand

• unsteady

• existing

• purity

Multiple Choice

Find the word that is closest in meaning to the opposite of this word:

dispose of

• keep

• expand

• unsteady

• existing

• purity

Multiple Choice

Find the word that is closest in meaning to the opposite of this word:

shrink

• keep

• expand

• unsteady

• existing

• purity

Multiple Choice

Choose the word that best completes each sentence.

The (constraints / contamination) of being in prison made her hate society even more.

• contraints

• contamination

Multiple Choice

Choose the word that best completes each sentence.

A recognition that the Earth is round was one of the (elemental / shrunken) advances in thought during the time period.

• elemental

• shrunken

Multiple Choice

Choose the word that best completes each sentence.

Mother Teresa, who helped the poorest of the poor, had a great (disposal / reservoir) of love within her spirit.

• disposal

• reservoir

Multiple Choice

Choose the word that best completes each sentence.

Automobiles are responsible for some (emissions / extinction) of greenhouse gases.

• emissions

• extinction

Multiple Choice

Choose the word that best completes each sentence.

By the end of the storm, the hikers had (depleted / reserved) even their emergency stores.

• depleted

• reserved

Choose your answers in the next slide.

Multiple Select

An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the three answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. In each blank, write the letter of one of your choices.

Bio-diesel is a promising alternative to fossil fuels.

• Humans have shown little self-restraint in their consumption of fossil fuels.

• Underground reservoirs of oil will soon be depleted.

• Bio-diesel burns cleaner than fossil fuels.

• Bio-diesel comes from a more stable source than petroleum.

• Restaurants can save disposal fees on used cooking oil.