Evolution of Plant Transport System

Evolution of Plant Transport System

2/18/21

Multiple Choice

The dominant generation of a moss is the

• gametophyte
• sporophyte

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT true of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts?

• They are non-vascular
• They have roots, stems, and leaves
• They grow in moist places
• They are small and low-growing

Multiple Choice

The plant generation that produces sperm and egg cells is the

• gametophyte
• sporophyte

Multiple Choice

The sporophyte phase of alternations of generations makes spores

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

This is a ____ plant.

• gymnosperm
• angiosperm
• vascular
• nonvascular

The Rise of the Vascular Plants

a.k.a "tracheophytes"

Contain Tracheid cells- hollow tubelike cells found in xylem tissue

Vascular plants have two transport tissues: Xylem (zylum) & Phloem (flohum)

The Rise of the Vascular Plants (cont'd)

The role of xylem is to carry water upward from the roots to every part of the plant

Each tracheid cells in these tissue contain a "pit region" which allows water to be transferred from one cell to the next (assembly line)

The Rise of the Vascular Plants

The role of phloem is to transport the nutrients & carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis

Vascular tissues allow for plants to move fluids through their bodies against gravity...w/in "limits"

The Rise of the Vascular Plants (cont'd)

The evolution of vascular tissue permitted the evolution of roots, tree-sized plants, and allowed plants to spread into dry areas of land

Multiple Choice

Plants that have true roots, stems and leaves are called ____.

• nonvascular plants

• vascular plants

• seed plants

• spore plants

Groups of Seedless plants

Examples include

Ferns, Club Mosses, Horsetails

Besides the flowering plants, seedless vascular plants make up most of the diverse collection of land plants (more than 10,000 species)

Follow Alternations of Generations life cycle but the sporophyte stage is most dominant

Fun fact: Horsetail contains "abrasive silica" and in colonial times were used to help clean pots and pans

What is a seed? To be, or not to be? That is the question!

Gymnosperms vs Angiosperms

Gymnosperms= seed-bearing vascular plants whose seeds are exposed to the environment on scales of cones instead of enclosed in a fruit

"Seed- plant embryo & its food supply encased in a protective covering"

Similarities in DNA sequence = seed plants descended from a common ancestor

Gymnosperms vs Angiosperms (cont'd)

Angiosperms = plants that bear seeds in a closed ovary (special structure found within the flower)

The great majority of plant species (approx. 260,000)

As seeds mature, ovaries develop into fruits that help to disperse the seeds to new locations

Multiple Choice

Flowers and cones are both part of the transportation system in plants.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes a gymnosperm?

• a nonvascular plant with roots, stems, and leaves

• a low-growing non-vascular plant lacking true roots

• a vascular plant that uses spores to reproduce

• a vascular plant that uses pollen to produce seeds that are not enclosed in protective fruits

Multiple Choice

Vascular tissue (tubes) responsible for the transportation of water and minerals up from the roots and around the plant.

• Stomata

• Transpiration

• Phloem

• Xylem

Multiple Choice

What does phloem transport?

• Water

• Minerals

• Fruit

• Sugar

Multiple Choice

The two groups of seed plants are....

• angiosperms and gymnosperms
• vascular and nonvascular
• spores and seeds
• short and tall