Hormones and the Menstrual Cycle

Hormones and the Menstrual Cycle

Homeostasis

Multiple Choice

Which type of neurone connects the CNS to an effector muscle?

• Sensory

• Relay

• Motor

Multiple Choice

What sense organ detects light and colour?

• Ear

• Eye

• Skin

• Tongue

Multiple Choice

What hormone is released when blood sugar level gets too high?

• Glucose

• Glucagon

• Insulin

• Glycogen

Multiple Choice

Insulin tells the liver to store the sugar in the blood as a different substance. What is the name of this substance?

• Glucose

• Glycogen

• Glucagon

• Fructose

Multiple Choice

Where is insulin released from?

• Pancreas

• Liver

• Salivary glands

• Stomach

Learning Objectives

• Identifying the names of the hormones released during the menstrual cycle

• Describing what happens at each stage of the menstrual cycle

• Explaining how hormones interact to control the menstrual cycle

Puberty

During puberty, your body starts producing sex hormones that cause changes in characteristics

Males release TESTOSTERONE - produced by the testes and leads to sperm production

Females release OESTROGEN - produced by the ovaries and is involved in the menstrual cycle

Open Ended

What changes do you know happen to either boys or girls during puberty?

Female Reproductive System

How many of the parts of the female reproductive system can you remember?

Uterus

Oviduct (Fallopian tube)

Vagina

Cervix

Endometrium

Ovary

Multiple Choice

What is label 3?

• Vagina

• Cervix

• Endometrium

• Uterus

Multiple Choice

What is label 2?

• Ovary

• Oviduct

• Vagina

• Cervix

Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is the constant build up and destruction of the lining of the uterus (endometrium) every 28 days

Menstrual Cycle

Every 28 days a woman releases an egg from one of her ovaries

In preparation for the egg to be fertilised and develop into a baby, the uterus lining gets thicker and rich in blood vessels

More often than not though, the egg is not fertilised and the thickened lining of the uterus, along with the egg cell is removed from the body through menstruation (a period)

Hormones in the Menstrual Cycle

• There are 4 hormones that are involved in the menstrual cycle:

• Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) – causes an egg to mature in the ovaries (in a follicle) and stimulates Oestrogen production

• Luteinising hormone (LH) – causes the egg to be released at day 14 (ovulation)

• Oestrogen and Progesterone – involved in growth and maintaining the uterus lining.

• Oestrogen also inhibits FSH production and stimulates LH production

Multiple Choice

Which hormone tells the ovaries to mature an egg ready for release?

• FSH

• LH

• Oestrogen

• Progesterone

Multiple Choice

What is the term for when the egg is released from the ovary each month?

• Fertilisation

• Ovulation

• Implantation

• Menstruation

Multiple Choice

Which hormone causes ovulation?

• FSH

• LH

• Oestrogen

• Progesterone

Multiple Select

What does an increase in oestrogen do? Select all that apply

• Thickens the lining of the uterus

• Causes the egg to be released

• Stops release of FSH

• Stops release of LH

• Increases release of LH

Day 1

The cycle begins

The old egg is shed from the womb along with the lining of the womb. This is called a period.

A new egg starts maturing in the ovary. (This means it starts getting ready to be released)

Day 5

The period stops.

FSH starts to be released by the pituitary gland in the brain and travel through the bloodstream to the ovaries.

Day 7

The egg signals to the ovaries as it develops

The ovaries start to produce the hormone oestrogen

This causes the lining of the womb to get thicker.

Day 14

The ovaries are now producing so much oestrogen that it is detected by the brain

The brain stops producing FSH and produces luteinising hormone (LH)

LH triggers ovulation – the release of the egg. It starts travelling down the fallopian tube to the womb.

Day 20

The new egg reaches the womb (uterus).

The lining of the womb is thick. This will provide protection and food for the developing embryo.

Day 28

This is the end of the cycle.

If the egg is fertilized then it will continue to develop and the cycle will stop.

If the egg is not fertilised it will be shed from the womb the next day and the cycle will begin again.

The next egg will be released from the other ovary.

Multiple Choice

How long does the average menstrual cycle last?

• 5 days

• 14 days

• 28 days

• 64 days

Multiple Choice

On what day of the cycle is the egg released (ovulation)?

• Day 1

• Day 5

• Day 14

• Day 20

Multiple Choice

How long does a period last on average?

• 3 days

• 5 days

• 15 days

• 20 days

Multiple Choice

Which gland releases FSH and LH?

• Pancreas

• Ovaries

• Pituitary Gland

• Thyroid Gland

Multiple Choice

Between which days is a woman most likely to become pregnant?

• 1-3

• 3-5

• 11-14

• 25-28

Multiple Choice

Which hormone increases after menstruation has finished, and causes the lining of the uterus to thicken?

• FSH

• Oestrogen

• LH

• Progesterone

Multiple Choice

Which two hormones are produced by the pituitary gland?

• Oestrogen and progesterone

• FSH and oestrogen

• LH and progesterone

• FSH and LH

Open Ended

Any questions?