12.1 Earth G6

12.1 Earth G6

Layers of Earth

Crust

The thinnest, outermost layer. It is made up of rocks and minerals.

Continental and Oceanic plates

• Continental plate contains the different landforms and continents.

• Oceanic plate consists the landforms below the oceans and seas. It is about 8-10 km thick and is thinner than the continental crust (30-50 km thick).

Endogenic and Exogenic Forces

• Endogenic forces are those that come from within the Earth.

• Exogenic forces are those that develop outside the surface of Earth such as wind and etc.

Mantle

• Uppermantle is made of solid bedrock, contains most of Earth's mass.

• asthenosphere is beneath the lithosphere, a soft layer. The temperature and pressure are so high causing rocks to melt.

• lower mantle is from a depth of about 660 km down to near the base of the mantle.

Core

• Outer core is made up of liquid iron nickel with about 10% sulfur.

• The inner core is under extreme pressure that is why it remains solid. It is made up of solid iron nickel.

Multiple Choice

It is made up of the upper mantle, asthenosphere, and lower mantle.

• Lithosphere

• Biosphere

• Crust

• Mantle

Multiple Choice

The thinnest and the outermost layer of the Earth?

• continental plate

• oceanic plate

• lithosphere

• crust

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT part of the Earth's layer?

• Crust

• Mantle

• Exogenic

• core

PLATE TECTONIC THEORY

Do you know the seven continents of the world?

Have you ever wondered why Earth's landmass is divided into different continents?

ALFRED WEGENER

(CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY, 1912)

• A German geologist and meteorologist proposed the continental drift theory.

• It states that the continents formed a huge mass called Pangaea.

THE THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS

• tells that the surface of Earth is broken into larger pieces of plates that "float" along the asthenosphere.

• It explains how the different geological phenomena like earthquake, volcanism, continental drift, and mountain formation occur through plates.

CONVECTION CURRENT

• causes the oceanic and continental plates to move.

TYPES OF TECTONIC PLATE BOUNDARIES

• Divergent plate boundary is formed when two tectonic plates move away from each other.

TRANSFORM OR SLIDING BOUNDARY

• The zone between two plates sliding horizontally past one another.

• This causes friction and a strong jerky motion of the plates as they move apart which produces an earthqauke.

CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY

• is formed when plates meet from opposite directions causing one plate to be subducted or moved beneath the other.