DNA Mutations

DNA Mutations

Learning Targets for this Lesson

• Identify the types of mutations that occur within our DNA

• IDentify the difference between point and chromosomal mutation.

Mr. Ackert suggests...

• You write down key terms and definitions for the various mutations.

• Examples include: point mutation, insertion, deletion, inversion, duplication, etc.

Please watch the video segments carefully.

Answer the posed questions to the best of your ability.

Multiple Choice

Most mutations that occur in our DNA, just happens by 'chance'. This is called a...

• Spontaneous Mutation

• Induced Mutation

• Genetic Mutation

• Random Mutation

Multiple Choice

Induced Mutations are those that are caused by 'environmental factors'. Chemicals and other environmental factors that cause mutations that lead to cancer are called...

• Cigarettes

• Carcinogens

• Risk Factors

• DNA influencers

Poll

FYI: Not in the video. Cigarette and Cigarette smoke contains over 7,000 different chemicals. Of these chemicals ______ are known to be carcinogenic in nature.

• 10

• 70

• 125

• 350

Multiple Choice

Mutations that occur in ______________ will likely have no affect on a person's health.

• Non-coding Regions of DNA

• Coding Regions of DNA

Multiple Choice

Which type of mutations occur at a specific location in the DNA?

• Point Mutation

• Chromosomal Alteration

• Segment Mutation

• Triplet Mutation

• Codon Mutation

Multiple Choice

The mutation in this image is a ______ point mutation.

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Addition

Multiple Choice

Which analogy best describes a 'substitution' mutation.

• A volleyball team is playing. Gwen is put into the game for Stephanie.

• A volleyball team is playing. Gwen is removed and no one takes her place.

• A volleyball team is playing. Even though it is against the rules, they enter Stephanie into the game, but no player leaves the court.

Open Ended

Mr. Anderson explains that substitution mutations are fixed 50% of the time. Why aren't they fixed ALL of the time?

Model answer should include...

The proteins that fix the mutation (the C/A) pairing in the image to the right don't know which letter is wrong, the "C" or the "A". They fix one, but it is random so half the time the enzyme gets the correct fix, half the time wrong.

Multiple Choice

When a chemical or radiation break a strand of DNA it is repaired by a 'fixing enzyme' a nucleotide may be added. Mr. Anderson calls this a ____mutation.

• Insertion

• Addition

• Plus One

• Nucleotide Misjunction

Multiple Choice

Sometimes a chemical or radiation will 'bump' a nucleotide out of the DNA. Mr. Anderson calls this a _____ mutation

• Deletion

• Removal

• Nucleotide Drop

• Subtraction

Multiple Choice

Which analogy best describes a 'deletion' mutation.

• A volleyball team is playing. Gwen is put into the game for Stephanie.

• A volleyball team is playing. Gwen is removed and no one takes her place.

• A volleyball team is playing. Even though it is against the rules, they enter Stephanie into the game, but no player leaves the court.

Open Ended

Propose a COOKING ANALOGY scenario in which an 'insertion' mutation could be compared.

Insertion Cooking Analogy - Mr. Ackert's sample response.

When making the recipe for chocolate chip cookies Mr. Ackert follows the recipe but adds in cinnamon to the cookie dough. By the way, if you get a chance add 1 TBS to cookie dough, it is great!

Open Ended

Propose a COOKING ANALOGY scenario in which an 'deletion' mutation could be compared.

Deletion Cooking Analogy - Mr. Ackert's sample response.

When making the recipe for making cinnamon swirl bread, Mr. Ackert accidentally forgets to put the yeast into the bread dough. THIS WOULD BE VERY BAD, the bread would NOT RISE and be very dense / flat and hard. BAD MR. Ackert!

Multiple Choice

In this section Mr. Anderson explained the mutations then BIG pieces of DNA add, delete, flip, etc. These are called...

• Point Mutations

• Chromosomal Alterations

Multiple Choice

When Mr. Ackert was typing this question he made a mistake mistake in his wording.

What type of mutation is this an analogy for?

• Duplication

• Inversion

• Translocation

• Deletion

Multiple Choice

When Mr. Ackert was typing this noitseuq he made a mistake in his wording.

What type of mutation is this an analogy for?

• Duplication

• Inversion

• Translocation

• Deletion

Multiple Choice

When Mr. Ackert was this question he made a mistake in his wording.

What type of mutation is this an analogy for?

• Duplication

• Inversion

• Translocation

• Deletion

Multiple Choice

When Mr. Ackert was mutation typing this question he made a mistake in his wording.

What type of is this an analogy for?

• Duplication

• Inversion

• Translocation

• Deletion

Multiple Choice

The image (click to enlarge) is showing a ________ chromosomal alteration graphic.

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Duplication

• Inversion

• Translocation

Multiple Choice

The image (click to enlarge) is showing a ________ chromosomal alteration graphic.

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Duplication

• Inversion

• Translocation

Multiple Choice

The image (click to enlarge) is showing a ________ chromosomal alteration graphic.

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Duplication

• Inversion

• Translocation

Multiple Choice

The image (click to enlarge) is showing a ________ chromosomal alteration graphic.

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Duplication

• Inversion

• Translocation

Multiple Choice

The image (click to enlarge) is showing a ________ chromosomal alteration graphic.

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Duplication

• Inversion

• Translocation

Multiple Choice

A translocation mutation (shown in the image) likely occurs during....

• crossing over during meiosis

• crossing over during mitosis

• DNA Replication during meiosis

• DNA Replication during mitosis

Recall

• During meiosis HOMOLOG chromosomes (one from mom / one from dad line up) and switch similar genes.

• Translocation occurs when non homologs line up and switch genes.

Multiple Choice

Which affect larger sections of DNA?

• Point Mutations

• Chromosome Alterations

Multiple Choice

Mutations that occur during MEIOSIS...

• May be passed onto offspring.

• May not be passed onto offspring.

Recall..Meiosis is...

the formation of GAMETES. So if a sperm or egg cell become mutated the offspring will inherit this mutation too and ALL cells of their body will have the mutation.