Lagos - Planning Initiatives - SGR

Lagos - Planning Initiatives - SGR

Multiple Select

Identify the social challenges affecting residents of Lagos

• Lack of suitable housing

• Water pollution

• Ships dumping oil at sea

• Poor healthcare facilties

Open Ended

Explain how air pollution can affect the quality of life of residents of Lagos

Open Ended

Give two reasons for the set up of the Bus Rapid Transit system

Multiple Select

Identify two processes of river transportation

• Attrition

• Traction

• Saltation

• Abrasion

Open Ended

What are the three measures taken into consideration when calculating HDI - the Human Development Index

Lagos: Urban Planning Initiatives

Improving the quality of life for the urban poor: Makoko Slum redevelopment

Learning Intentions

To consider the success of planning projects aimed at improving the lives of the urban poor

Planning Projects - Makoko

• In July 2012 city authorities demolished part of the Makoko slum claiming that it was too close to the neighbouring bridge and power cables. 

• Over 3,000 people were affected and they were only given 72 hours’ notice to leave the site. 

• Makoko is on prime water front property close to the major port and Lagos Island so an ideal site for development. 

• The people who live there do so illegally and are at risk of floods and waterborne disease. 

• Others argue that Makoko is a well-established and historic community and it should be improved rather than demolished.

Over the last 15 years or so - a number of projects have been carried out in Makoko - with varying degrees of success

- Lagos Metropolitan Development and Governance Project - 2006

- Makoko Floating School

- Eko Atlantic

Lagos Metropolitan Development and Governance Project

• $200million in funding from the World Bank in 2006

• Aims: improve the provision of healthcare, clean water and education in 9 of the worst slums in Lagos, including Makoko. 

• Major focus: to develop a long-term technical solution to flooding; and deal properly with solid waste activities and disposal. 

How successful was the project?

The project was only moderately successful

Some successes included:

- New water facilities were supplying 95,000 people with improved water sources but 15 facilities were not working properly

- 280 extra classrooms (out of a planned 450) were built in the 9 targeted slums

- 3. 7 out of 10 planned Health facilities constructed, renovated and/or equipped

Multiple Select

Who provided the funding for the Lagos Metropolitan and Governance Project?

• International Monetary Fund

• Organisation of African Nations

• The World Bank

• United States of America

Open Ended

Identify two issues that the project was supposed to tackle.

Open Ended

Identify one of the successes of the project

Makoko Floating School

•School provision in Makoko is poor with access to just one primary school, built on reclaimed land and was frequently flooded

•The school was designed to be sustainable and to adapt to the communities' aquatic lifestyle.

•The materials used were local such as locally grown bamboo, timber offcuts from a nearby sawmill and other resources. 

•The idea was to make a building that could support other community uses such as a health clinic, meeting place, entertainment centre or market

Play video - Makoko architect

The structure of the building included:

• A triangular A-Frame section with 1,000-square-foot play area

• Classrooms on the second tier, partly enclosed with adjustable slats to allow shade and wind to circulate

• A playground below the classroom while the roof contains an additional open air classroom

Sustainable features

• Solar cells were included in the roof to provide lighting and power

• Rainwater was collected through catchment systems built into the school so that it could be reused

• Composting toilets were included in the design – these are waterless and turn waste into reusable compost material

The design allowed the school structure to be naturally ventilated and aerated

How successful was the floating school?

• The floating school design won awards for it’s design

• It provided a free education for the children of Makoko for 3 years

• In 2016, the Makoko Floating school structure collapsed during heavy rain but students had already moved out because of safety concerns.

• Discussions about improving the structure and rebuilding the school were had with the architect and the local community but the school has not been rebuilt to date

Open Ended

Describe how the Makoko Floating School was designed/built sustainably.

Eko Atlantic Project

A development project in Lagos aimed at the wealthy not the urban poor

Might the urban poor benefit from the building of this project?

The project….

• Being built on a huge area of reclaimed land on Victoria Island - close to the CBD of Lagos

• It is a mixed residential and business development, along its upmarket Bar Beach coastline

• Being built on three and half square miles of land reclaimed from the Atlantic Ocean

• It is expected to provide homes for 250,000 people and employment opportunities for a further 150,000.

Benefits of the Eko Atlantic project

• Eko Atlantic will bring direct investment into Lagos through national and international companies relocating or setting up new offices here

• It will lead to an increase employment in construction, supply chain businesses and in the area itself once it is built.

• Hotels and offices on the island will benefit from increased business

• The reclaimed land is protected by a 8km long rock revetment and this will have the added benefit of protecting Lagos from flooding and storm surges.

• The availability of new homes will be an advantage as there is a significant shortage of housing in Lagos as a whole.

Disadvantages of the project

• Building may cause water pollution through increased sediment in the water during construction and through accidental spillages which will impact on poorer fishermen dependent on coastal fishing

• Environmental concerns over the use of dredging to gain material to reclaim the land from the sea. It is feared the use of sand may accelerate coastal erosion – again likely to affect poorer coastal communities

• Local fishermen and shell collectors living in the Oni-Jegi community will have their livelihoods disrupted

• There are complaints that local communities such as the Oni-Jegi were not consulted in the planning process. 

Does Eko Atlantic offer any benefits to the urban poor?

• The urban poor will not be able to afford any of the new homes that will be built as part of the project because they will be expensive

• Some may be affected in terms of losing their livelihoods from fishing and shell collecting

• The jobs that will be offered in the new businesses will generally be high skilled jobs which will not be appropriate for many of the urban poor

HOWEVER

• Some jobs will be available during construction and lower skilled jobs such as cleaners and retail will be available once the project is completed

Open Ended

Describe one way that the Eko Atlantic development might benefit the urban poor and one way that the development might have a negative effect on the urban poor.

Evaluate the effectiveness of an urban planning strategy in helping to improve life for the urban poor. Use an example of a city in an LIC or NEE (9marks) (3 SPAG)

• •Introductory sentence about difficulties faced by the urban poor and issues facing the city authorities that manage current megacities – think numbers of people, government revenue etc.

• Identify the city (including country) that you are going to discuss

• Choose which urban planning strategy you are going to use - Lagos Metropolitan Development and Governance Project, Makoko Floating School or Eko Atlantic. Remember you only need to talk about one of these.

• Describe the project and its aims. Why was it set up? What was set up?

• Discuss advantages and disadvantages of the project. In what ways has it helped improve the lives of urban poor? – improved access to healthcare, education etc?

• Are there any negatives to the project? What are they – examples?

• FINALLY you have to EVALUATE the effectiveness. So how successful has the project been? Has it fully met it’s aims or only partially? Has it made a difference to people’s lives? – little, some or lots….. Summarise briefly how this has been done. 

Evaluate the effectiveness of an urban planning strategy in helping to improve life for the urban poor. Use an example of a city in an LIC or NEE (9marks) (3 SPAG)

Complete the question on google form

Crib sheet available - please use it to structure your answer

You should be aiming for a Level 3 answer!