Classification

Classification

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Just like an orderly room is easier to manage, classification makes it easier for scientists to study organisms.

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Facts about classification

• Classification is the process of grouping organisms by similarities.

• The science of classification is called taxonomy.

• The classification system is constantly changing and being updated.

Multiple Choice

The science of classification is called __________________.

• evolution

• namenclature

• taxonomy

• taxidermy.

Multiple Choice

The classification system will NEVER change!

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Classification is the process of grouping organisms by

• similarities

• differences

A little history.............

• Aristotle created a classification system for animals based on habitat and plants based on size

• Linnaeus created a system called binomial nomenclature which gives each organism a unique 2 part name.

Classification Categories

• There are currently 8 categories

• Domain is the least specific

• Species is the most specific

Brown Bear Classification

• As you move down from domain to species the number of similar characteristics INCREASES but the number of organisms DECREASE

Family Ursidae

clockwise: American black bear, brown bear, giant panda, Asian black bear, sloth bear, spectacled bear, sunbear, and polar bear

Dog Classification

Notice that dogs are in the same categories as bears through order Carnivora.

Multiple Select

Choose ALL the organisms that would be in the same kingdom as the black bear and dog.

• sponge

• oak tree

• mushroom

• tiger

• shark

Multiple Choice

What is another animal that would be in the same class of chordata with dogs and bears?

• monarch butterfly

• shrimp

• wild turkey

• sea star

Domains and Kingdoms

• The current classification system has 3 domains and 6 kingdoms

Domains and Kingdoms

• Some scientists believe that archaebacteria should be changed to just archaea

Scientists consider 3 things when placing organisms into domains and kingdoms

• Type of Cell (prokaryote or eukaryote)

• Number of cells (unicellular or multicellular)

• How the organism gets food (autrotroph or heterotroph)

Type of cell

• prokaryote - DNA is NOT enclosed in a nucleus (pro-NO)

• eukaryote - DNA is enclosed in a membrane bound nucleus (Eu-YES)

Number of Cells

• unicellular - one celled

• multicellular - many cells

How the organism gets food

• autotroph/producer - makes own food

• heterotroph/consumer- can't make their own food

Brain

Break

Multiple Choice

How many DOMAINS are in the modern classification system

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 6

Multiple Select

Click on all the names of the domains.

• eukarya

• chordata

• archaea

• bacteria

Multiple Choice

How many KINGDOMS are in the modern classification system.

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 6

Multiple Select

Choose all characteristics scientists consider when placing organisms in domains or kingdoms.

• type of cell

• backbone or no backbone

• number of cells

• autotroph or heterotroph

• cold-blooded or warm-blooded

Multiple Choice

Which type of cell has a nucleus?

• prokaryote

• eukaryote

Multiple Choice

Having many cells is called ______________.

• unicellular

• multicellular

Kingdom Animalia

• eukaryotes and belong to domain Eukarya

• multicellular

• heterotroph

Kingdom Plantae

• eukaryotes and belong to domain Eukarya

• multicellular

• autotroph

• cell wall contains cellulose

Kingdom Fungi

• eukaryotes and belong to domain Eukarya

• most are multicellular but some are unicellular

• heterotrophs

• cell wall contains chitin

Kingdom Protista

• eukaryotes and belong to domain Eukarya

• some are autotrophs and others are heterotrophs

• some are unicellular and others are multicellular

• the "junk drawer" kingdom

Bizarre Protist

the slime mold

Kingdom Eubacteria

• belongs to domain bacteria

• prokaryote - no nucleus (think "pro no")

• ALL are unicellular

• Some are autotrophs and some are heterotrophs

• cell wall with peptidoglycan

Kingdom Archaea (Archaebacteria)

• belongs to domain Archaea

• prokaryote - no nucleus

• all are unicellular

• some are autotrophs and others are heterotrophs

• no peptidoglycan in cell wall

• many live in extreme environments

One group of Archaebacteria are the

Methanogens

Thermophiles are

another type of archaebacteria. The next slide will show you some footage of Yellowstone National Park where some of the first thermophiles were discovered.

Poll

Which eukaryotic kingdom do you think is the most interesting?

• animal

• plant

• fungi

• protist

Multiple Choice

While on a research trip to the Amazon, you discover a new organism! It is growing from the ground and is yellow in color. Upon investigating the cells under the microscope, you discover they have nuclei and chitin in the cell wall. Even though it was growing on the ground, there are no chloroplasts in the cells. You would best categorize this organism as a ____________.

• plant

• fungi

• eubacteria

Multiple Choice

While snorkeling off the coast of Hawaii you notice an unusual organism. It is reddish in color and appears attached to the bottom of the ocean like a plant. Small, featherlike structures emerge from multiple openings and appear to be filter feeding plankton from the water, plus there are no chloroplasts in the cells. You decide this organism is probably a ________________.

• coral, which is an animal

• coral, which is a plant

• coral, which is a protist

Multiple Choice

While hiking around the Great Dismal Swamp in Virginia you take water samples. Back at your lab you test the water and find it to be very acidic and home to unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus. You analyze the chemical make-up of the cell walls of the organisms and find them to contain NO peptidoglycan. You decide these organisms must belong to Kingdom

• archaea

• eubacteria

• fungi

Multiple Select

Click on any kingdoms that have cells that DO contain a nucleus.

• archaea

• animal

• plant

• protist

Multiple Select

Which kingdoms only have multicellular organisms?

• protist

• animal

• plant

• fungi

Multiple Select

Which of the following kingdoms are eukaryotes?

• plant

• animal

• fungi

• eubacteria

Multiple Select

Which domains are ALWAYS unicellular?

• fungi

• archaea

• bacteria

• protists

Multiple Select

Which kingdoms include individuals that CAN make their own food?

• plant

• protists

• animal

• fungi

• eubacteria

Another

Brain Break

Genus

• the second most specific category

• a group of closely related organisms that may contain one or more species

• organisms that belong to different general rarely mate to produce offspring

• as seen here the domestic cat belongs to the genus Felis; there are a total of 12 cat genera

Species

• a group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile young

• fertile means to be able to have offspring

• the species name is also the the scientific name

• as seen there the species name for the domestic cat is Felis catus

Binomial nomenclature

• created by Linnaeus

• gives each organism a unique two part scientific name

• this name is recognized universally by scientists all over the world

• as mentioned earlier these names can change as new data is collected

Rules for binomial nomenclature

• written in Latin

• written in italics

• first name (genus) capitalized

• second name (specific epithet) not capitalized

Multiple Choice

Who created binomial nomenclature?

• Darwin

• Leeuwenhoek

• Linnaeus

• Mendel

Multiple Select

Choose all the correct rules for writing scientific names.

• written in italics

• written in English

• written in Latin

• both names capitalized

• first name capitalized; second name not capitalized

Multiple Choice

What is the level at which organisms can mate to produce fertile young?

• species

• genus

• kingdom

• domain

Multiple Choice

What is the most specific level of the classification categories?

• domain

• kingdom

• genus

• species

Multiple Choice

What is the 2nd most specific classification level that may contain more than one species?

• domain

• kingdom

• genus

• species

Multiple Select

Choose all the correctly written scientific names.

• Quercus rubra

• Quercus alba

• Homo sapiens

• Puma Concolor

• marmota monax

The Liger

• The liger is the offspring of a male lion and a female tiger.

• The liger has parents in the same genus Leo but of different species.

• The liger is not fertile.

• Lions and tigers would not mate in nature because they live on two different continents.

The End

Remember-You can complete this Lesson again for a better grade!