Muslim World Achievements

Muslim World Achievements

Pages 468-475

Key Ideas

• As Islam spread to many different lands, a distinctive Muslim culture developed

• Cities were central to the economies of Muslim empires. They grew through trade

• Arts and architecture flourished under Muslim empires

• Muslim made important advances in mathematics, philosophy, science, and other fields of learning

An Urban Economy

• The expansion of Muslim rule and the spread of Islam united many people

• By 1000, Muslim culture thrived in cities such as Mecca, Medina, Damascus, and Baghdad

• Without a strong economic foundation, Muslim cities could not have grown so rapidly

• Muslim civilization gained fame for its fine textiles or woven fabrics.

Multiple Choice

Having strong economic foundations allowed cities to prosper. True or False

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What item did Muslims become famous for?

• wood

• textiles

• silks

• spices

Trade Routes in Muslim cities

• Geography helped make the lands ruled by Muslims a center for trade.

• Muslim lands included parts of Asia, Europe, and Africa

• Muslim traders traveled in two main ways: by seas in small ships called dhows and camel caravans

• As a result of trade, goods flowed into Islamic cities from three continents

• Ideas and inventions also spread along the trade routes

Multiple Choice

How did Muslim traders travel?

• by horse and camel

• by foot and camel caravans

• by dhows and camel caravans

• by horseback and foot

Medicine

• Muslim physicians studied ancient Greek scholars

• They improved on Greek medical practices

• Hospitals were built throughout the Arab Muslim empire

• Skilled doctors would perform surgeries, including cancer and brain surgery

Mathematics and Science

• Arab mathematicians introduced the number zero.

• 0,1,2,3,4...... what we use today are called Arabic numerals

• These included the use of the decimal

• Arabic numerals were easier to work with than Roman numerals and became the standard throughout Europe

• An Arabic mathematician named Al-Khwarizmi came up with Algebra

• Algebra is a kind of mathematics in which letters are used to stand for unknown numbers, allowing people to solve complex problems

Multiple Choice

What number was introduced by an Arab mathematician

• zero

• -1

• 100

• .5

Astronomy

• Muslim astronomers (those who study the stars, planets, etc.) built observatories or buildings for viewing and studying the stars

• They charted the position of the stars and planets.

• They also measured the size of Earth and developed precise calendars

Multiple Choice

What did Muslim astronomers build to study the stars and planets?

• space stations

• algebra

• ships

• observatories

Architecture and Arts

• Muslim architects built beautiful mosques, fountains, gates, gardens, and palaces

• Calligraphy is the art of decorative writing

Any questions?!?!?!?!?

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