Unit 2 Section 1 Review

Unit 2 Section 1 Review

Absolutism in Europe

Multiple Choice

A standing army is one that is

• available only in times of war.

• permanent and available at all times.

• available only after the harvests have been collected.

• independent from the government.

Multiple Choice

Louis XIV called himself the "Sun King" because he

• believed he could control the weather.

• was regarded as having a warm, friendly personality.

• thought that, like the sun, he was at the center of the French universe.

• frequently took long vacations on the southern coast of France.

For the next question, you will need to read the following quotations from Catholic bishop Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet at the court of Louis XIV.

"Rulers then act as the ministers of God and as his lieutenants on earth. It is through them that God exercises his empire. . . . Consequently, as we have seen, the royal throne is not the throne of a man, but the throne of God himself."

Multiple Choice

What best summarizes the bishop’s point of view?

• The king should leave the throne immediately.

• Kings on Earth rule with God's authority.

• There should be no kings at all.

• Kings have greater authority than God.

Multiple Choice

Louis XIV is considered a perfect example of an absolute monarch because he

• gave more political power to ordinary French citizens.

• reigned during a period of peaceful relations with France's neighbors.

• held all power in France and claimed to represent God on Earth.

• left the throne and called for free elections to choose a successor.

Multiple Choice

Peter the Great reduced the power of the boyars by

• ending all plans for conquest and territorial expansion.

• introducing the Eastern Orthodox religion to Russia.

• hiring European military advisers.

• introducing a merit system of nobility.

Multiple Choice

Which was Peter the Great responsible for?

• reforming Russia and making it a republic

• giving power to Russia’s highest ranking noblemen

• turning Russia into a modern, powerful nation

• following a policy of peace with Russia’s neighbors

Growing Democracy in England

Multiple Select

What did the Petition of Right aim to prevent the monarch from doing? Choose three answers.

• restricting freedom of religion

• negotiating with foreign powers

• establishing martial law in peacetime

• imprisoning people without just cause

• raising taxes without Parliament approval

Multiple Select

Which of the king’s actions prompted nobles to force the king to sign the Magna Carta? Check all that apply.

• He raised taxes to pay for wars.

• He took rights from the nobility.

• He was tyrannical.

• He restricted voting rights.

• He confiscated church lands.

Multiple Choice

Both the Magna Carta and the Petition of Right addressed issues related to

• war.

• property.

• taxation.

• religion.

Multiple Choice

Which best describes the significance of free-speech rights granted to members of Parliament by the Bill of Rights?

• These rights empowered Parliament to propose laws that favored nobility.

• These rights gave Parliament more power to undermine the monarchy.

• These rights enabled Parliament to say anything, regardless of the law.

• These rights allowed Parliament to oppose the monarch’s position.

Multiple Choice

The Petition of Right confirmed the supremacy of law specifically over whom?

• the monarch

• the people

• the nobles

• the church

The Scientific Revolution

Multiple Choice

During the Scientific Revolution, both Copernicus and Galileo

• opposed a new theory of the universe related to the motion of Earth and other planets.

• opposed the study of the sun, moon, and stars because it was considered heresy.

• supported a theory of the universe that contradicted the teachings of the Catholic Church.

• supported the geocentric theory in opposition to the beliefs of most Christians at the time.

Multiple Choice

Who discovered how gravity affects objects on Earth?

• Francis Bacon

• René Descartes

• Robert Boyle

• Isaac Newton

Multiple Choice

Boyle’s law explains

• the way to develop an idea and design an experiment.

• the impact of gravity on the motion of objects on Earth.

• the relationship between pressure and the volume of gas.

• the elliptical orbit of Earth and other planets around the sun.

Multiple Choice

Which list states achievements from the Scientific Revolution in the correct order?

• i. The heliocentric theory is published.

  ii. Galileo argues for Copernicus.

  iii. Isaac Newton develops calculus.

  iv. The scientific method is invented.

• i. Galileo argues for Copernicus.

  ii. The heliocentric theory is published.

  iii. The scientific method is invented.

  iv. Isaac Newton develops calculus.

• i. Galileo argues for Copernicus.

  ii. Isaac Newton develops calculus.

  iii. The heliocentric theory is published.

  iv. The scientific method is invented.

• i. The heliocentric theory is published.

  ii. The scientific method is developed.

  iii. Galileo argues for Copernicus.

  iv. Isaac Newton develops calculus.

Multiple Choice

The image shows a diagram developed by a German astronomer in the 1600s. How did this diagram advance scientific thinking?

• The diagram showed that planets move in circular orbits around the sun, disproving the Copernican model.

• The diagram showed that Earth is closer to the sun than other planets, disproving the heliocentric theory.

• The diagram demonstrated the first law of planetary motion, proving the heliocentric theory.

• The diagram demonstrated the first law of planetary motion, proving the geocentric theory.

The Enlightenment

Multiple Choice

How did the events of the Reformation affect the Enlightenment?

• People challenged cultural institutions during the Reformation, which led them to challenge educational facilities during the Enlightenment.

• People challenged educational facilities during the Reformation, which led them to challenge cultural institutions during the Enlightenment.

• People challenged governmental authority during the Reformation, which led them to challenge religious institutions during the Enlightenment.

• People challenged religious institutions during the Reformation, which led them to challenge governmental authority during the Enlightenment.

Multiple Choice

Who created the concept of a social contract?

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Multiple Choice

Which statement best characterizes the ideas of Voltaire?

• People are naturally reasonable.

• People are naturally selfish and violent.

• Governments create unequal societies.

• Government should be separate from religion.

Multiple Choice

How did Rousseau differ from Voltaire?

• Rousseau was a French philosopher in the 1700s, while Voltaire was a French monarch in the 1600s.

• Rousseau was a French monarch in the 1600s, while Voltaire was a French philosopher in the 1700s.

• Rousseau argued against inequality among the classes, while Voltaire argued for freedom of speech and religion.

• Rousseau argued for freedom of speech and religion, while Voltaire argued against inequality among the classes.

Multiple Choice

Which list states events of the Enlightenment in the correct order?

• i. Locke builds on the ideas of Hobbes.

  ii. The English Civil War comes to an end.

  iii. Rousseau publishes The Social Contract.

  iv. Montesquieu publishes Spirit of Laws.

• i. Montesquieu publishes Spirit of Laws.

  ii. Rousseau publishes The Social Contract.

  iii. The English Civil War comes to an end.

  iv. Locke builds on the ideas of Hobbes.

• i. The English Civil War comes to an end.

  ii. Locke builds on the ideas of Hobbes.

  iii. Montesquieu publishes Spirit of Laws.

  iv. Rousseau publishes The Social Contract.

• i. Locke builds on the ideas of Hobbes.

  ii. Montesquieu publishes Spirit of Laws.

  iii. Rousseau publishes The Social Contract.

  iv. The English Civil War comes to an end.