Mughal Empire

Mughal Empire

Mughal Descent

Mughal dynasty ruled most of northern India from the early 16th to the mid-18th century.  They descended from Timur from their father’s side and Chengis Khan from their mother’s side  The Mughal were proud of their Timurian descend than the Mongol descend , The reason was that Mongols were associated with mass massacre of the land conquered by them . A Mongol branch was the Uzbegs was also their competitors.

Mughal Emperors

BABUR 

HUMAYUN 

AKBAR

JAHANGIR 

SHAH JAHAN 

AURANGZEB

BABUR ( 1526-1530 )

Babur is the founder of the Mughal Empire in India.

He was a descendant of Timur (on his father’s side) and Genghis Khan (on his Mother’s side).

In 1494 at the age of 12, Babur became the ruler of Farghana succeeding his father.

He was forced to leave his ancestral throne due to the invasion of another Mongol group the Uzbegs  After years of wandering he finally captured Kabul

First Battle of Panipat

1526, Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the first Battle of Panipat and quickly occupied Delhi 

 Despite of vast and superior troop Ibrahim Lodi lost in the battle due to Babur’s superior strategy and use of artillery.

The First Battle of Panipat marked the foundation of Mughal dominion in India.

Babur conquered Delhi and sent his son Humayun to seize Agra. Babur announced himself as “Emperor of Hindustan”. 

Multiple Choice

He invited Babur to invade India.

• Ibrahim Lodi

• Daulat Khan Lodi

• Rana Sangha

• Sher Shah

• Daulat Khan Lodhi

Multiple Choice

What is the correct location of the Mughal Empire

Multiple Choice

_______________ was the first Mughal emperor

• Akbar

• Birbal

• Babar

• Humayun

Multiple Choice

Who is this ?

• babur

• akbar

• shah jahan

• I have no idea

Multiple Choice

Q1. Mughal means ____________?

• muslim

• mongol

• Ghenghis Khan

• Empire

Humayun

Humayun became king after Babur, but internal problems and his defeat to Sher Shah Suri  at Chausa and Kannauj forced him to flee to Iran where he received the help of the Safavid Shah and recaptured Delhi in 1555.

But he died soon after, in an accident at his palace.

Multiple Choice

Whom did Babur defeat to take control of India?

• Sikandar Lodi

• Khizr khan

• Alauddin khalji

• Ibrahim Lodhi

Multiple Choice

Humayun was a keen ____________

• Doctor

• Artist

• Astronomer

• Architect

Succession Policy

Succession traditions of the Mughals: The succession tradition of Mughals was not that of primogeniture. Instead, they followed the Mughal and Timurid custom of coparcenary inheritance.

 In primogeniture, the eldest son inherits his father’s estate. 

In coparcenary, the inheritance is divided amongst all the sons. Of course one of them have to be the emperor

MUGHAL RELATIONS  WITH OTHER RULERS 

Many Indian rulers started accepting Mughal supremacy, and the Mughals campaigned and fought against rulers who did not obey them.

The Rajput married their daughters into Mughal families to get high positions in the Mughal Empire. The Sisiodiya Rajputs did not accept Mughal supremacy for a long time, but after they were defeated they were honourably given their land back and made vassals of the Mughal Empire.

This balance, where the Mughals defeated but did not humiliate the enemy helped them extend their rule over many parts of India.

MANSABDARS

The Mansabdari System was introduced by Mughal emperor Akbar The term mansabdar refers to an individual who hold a mansab or a rank 

Those who joined the Mughal services were called the mansabdars and they were from diverse back grounds such as Turanis , Iranians , Rajputs , Marthas and Afghans etc  The mansabdar’s military responsibility required him to maintain a specified number of sawars or calvarymen Mansabdars received their salaries as revenues from assignments called jagirs for maintaining the cavalry and their personal expenditures

  In Abkar’s reign the jagir’s were carefully assessed so that the revenue collect from it a roughly equal to the mansabdar’s salary 

In Aurangzeb’s time the number of mansabdars had increased so much that there was shortage of jagirs  As a result the mansabdars became exploitative and tried to extract as much revenue from the jagirs as possible

Multiple Choice

The mughal ruler who was not able to manage the mansabdars and jagirdars was

• Babur

• Akbar

• Aurangazeb

• Jahangir

Multiple Choice

The military responsibility of the mansabdars did not include-

• Maintaining horses and having them branded.

• Maintain a specified number of sawars.

• got the cavalrymen registered

• Giving clothes to the people as charity.

Multiple Choice

Rank and salary were determined by a numerical value called_________

• Rupayya

• dehliwal

• Zat

• Rupees

Multiple Choice

The people who joined the mughal services were called__________

• Mansabdars

• Sultan

• Governor General

• Viceroy

FEATURES OF AKBAR’S GOVERNMENT

Akbar was an enlightened and successful administrator. It goes to the credit of Akbar that the subsequent Mughal rulers followed in principle the administrative policy developed by him.

Concentration of all power in the King: Akbar was the center of all powers—civil, judicial, military and religious. He was the Supreme Commander of the army. He established a centralized administration. All appointments, promotions or dismissals depended on his decision and orders. He meet the common people in an open court called the Diwan-i-am  He consulted with the nobles in the Diwan- i- Khas 

FEATURES OF AKBAR’S GOVERNMENT

He developed the Mansabdari system 

Land revenue system Todar Mal, the revenue minister of Akbar played an important role in devising and introducing a very effective and efficient land revenue and record system.

Provincial Administration: Akbar divided his empire into fifteen provinces called the subas. They carried out all the military and administrative function 

FEATURES OF AKBAR'S POLICY

Abul Fazl wrote a account of Akbar’s Akbar Nama which gives an account of Akbar’s reign Akbar’s Tolerant Religious Policy: 

Akbar was very broadminded. He wanted to work out a synthesis of all religions. His treatment with the Hindus was very tolerant.

In fact he was so liberal in his religious outlook that he attempted to find a new religion on the basis of good points of all religions called Din-i-ilahi Of course he made no effort to force his religion on his subjects.

Multiple Choice

What is Akbar Nama

• Volume 2

• Volume 1

• A there volume history of akbars reign

• Volume 3

Multiple Choice

Name the revenue minister of Akbar who surveyed the crop yields.

• Todar Mal

• Abul Fazl

• Tansen

• Birbal

Multiple Choice

The first battle of Paniput is between whom and whom

• Humayun and Sher Shah Suri

• Gandhi and the British rulers

• Babur and Ibrahim Lodi

• Chandragupta Maurya and Kautilya

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a mughal emperor

• Aurangzeb

• Bahadur Shah Zafar

• Sher Shah Suri

• None of these

Multiple Choice

Akbar the Great improved his empire in all these areas EXCEPT:

• tax system

• religious tolerance

• economic improvements

• world wide exploration

Multiple Choice

All of the following are examples of Akbar's policies which led to cultural diffusion EXCEPT:

• He married Hindi princesses and allowed them to practice Hindu rituals.
• He appointed a Christian monk to tutor his son.
• In his government, foreigners could rise to a high office.
• He required all of his subjects to convert to Islam.

Multiple Choice

Akbar created unity through much of India (the Mughal Empire) by

• Forcing conquered people to convert to Islam.
• Allowing local governors complete freedom to rule their regions.
• Stationing military units at strategic points throughout the empire.
• Abolishing taxes on non-Muslims.

Multiple Choice

Who is this

• Babur

• Akbar

• ?

• Humayun

Multiple Choice

Which emperor does the Nine jewels belong to ?

• Jahangir

• Akbar

• Shah Jahan

• Babar

Multiple Choice

Akbar became the ruler at the age of _____________

• 15

• 17

• 13

• 14

Multiple Choice

In which battle did Humayun and Sher Shah meet?

• Battle of tarrain 1

• Battle of tarrain 2

• Battle of Chausa

Multiple Choice

Akbar was the son of ________________

• Babur

• Sher Shah

• Jahangir

• Humayun

Multiple Choice

The greatest mughal emperor was __________---

• Jahangir

• Akbar

• Shah Alam

• None