Modals

Modals

Modals Part 1

• Must - Have to - Have got to

• Should- Ought to - Had better - Could

• Be supposed to - Should

• Can - Be able to

• Can - May - Might

Modals Part 2

• Repeated action in the past: Would - Used to

• Past Necessity: Had to

• Past Advisability: Should have - Ought to have

• Past/ unfulfilled expectation: was/were supposed to - Should have

• Past ability: Could - Was/were able

Multiple Choice

"I ____ live in Semarang, but I moved to Jogja last year."

• Would

• Used to

Poll

Which one is the correct one?

• When he was at school, he would play basketball every Saturday

• When he was at school, he used to play basketball every Saturday

Jacob bought a car, but before he got the car, the dealer gave him a contract to sign. What did Jacob need to do?

Jacob had to sign the contract

I shouldn`t have left my purse on my car

We were supposed to meet last weekend

We ordered our food two hours ago, it should have served one hour ago

Poll

Past Ability

• I was able to speak two languages

• I could speak to language

Multiple Choice

Which one is the correct one?

• I was able to surprise my sister

• I could surprise my sister

Degree of certainty: Present

100% sure: He is sick.

95% sure: He must be sick.

50% sure or less: He might be sick. He could be sick.  He may be sick.

100% sure: Sam isn`t hungry

99% sure: Sam couldn't be hungry. Sam can't be hungry.

95% sure: Sam must not be hungry.

50% sure or less: Sam may not be hungry. Sam might not be hungry.

He might be forget to lock the door

A: Someone left this jacket here. I think it belongs to Alex.

B: It couldn't belong to him. 

Degree of certainty: Past

100%: She was sick.

95%: She must have been sick.

50% sure or less: She might have been sick. She could have been sick. She may have been sick.

100%: Sam wasn't hungry.

99%: Sam couldn't have been hungry. Sam can't have been hungry.

95%: Sam must not have been hungry.

50% sure or less: Sam may not have been hungry. Sam might not have been hungry.

Degree of certainty: Future

100% sure: Kay will do well on the test.

90% sure: Kay should do well on the test. Kay ought to do well on the test.

50% sure or less: She may do well on the test. She might do well on the test. She could do well on the test

You should win the race tomorrow

Progressive Forms of Modals

Progressive form, present time:

modal + be + -ing

(May be sleeping,Must be cooking)

Progressive form, past time:

modal + have been + -ing

(Must have been studying. might have been sleeping)

He wasn`t answering my call last night, he must have been sleeping

Expressing Preference: Would Rather

I would rather buy food than a book

The past form: would rather have + past participle

(The movie was OK, but I would rather have gone to the concert last night.)

Progressive form: would rather+ be + ing

(I'd rather be lying on a beach in India than (be) sitting in class right now.)

I would rather have stayed at home

I would rather be watching Netflix than studying for tomorrow

Multiple Choice

A: Did you go to the concert last night?

B: Yes, but l _______

• I would rather have gone to the movie with you

• I would rather be watching movie with you

Multiple Choice

I ____ know Spanish pretty well, but I've forgotten a lot of vocabulary.

• would

• used to

Your friend got sick because he played games all night long. What should you say to him? (using should have / ought to have)

Poll

I got a plan to study together but my friend canceled the plan

• were/was supposed to

• Should have

Poll

I ______ do anything yesterday. I had the flu

• Couldn`t

• wasn`t able to

Multiple Choice

He could give a great speech last night

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

A: Do you know where can I get that book?

B: Well, I don't know. _______ or maybe you can find it in the library

• It must be from the nearest bookstore

• It may be from nearest bookstore

Multiple Choice

My boyfriend hasn`t text me back. (My friend thinks it's possible that he lost his phone, but she's just guessing.)

My friend thinks his phone ______________ somewhere. I guess that's possible

• must have lost

• might have lost

Multiple Choice

'I will be home by ten'

• The speaker guessing that he will be home by ten

• The speaker 100% sure he will be home by ten

Multiple Choice

'He`s into artwork lately, he should be interesting to visit the exhibition`

• The speaker almost sure that he will be interesting to visit

• The speaker 100% sure that he will be interesting to visit

• The speaker guessing that he will be interesting to visit

Multiple Choice

A: Martha has been working all day. She left for work early this morning.

B: She ______be really tired tonight.

• may

• should

Multiple Choice

A: Where's the leftover chicken from dinner last night?

B: I just saw it when I got some ice cubes. It __ in the feezer.

• May

• Must

• Is

Multiple Choice

A: Did you go to the concert last night?

B: Yes,but I ______

• I would rather be going to the movie with you

• I would rather have gone to the movie with you