Cells Review (Cell Theory - Transport)

Cells Review

Cell Theory - Transport

Discovering the Cell

Hooke used microscope to see cork cells - gave the cell its name

Leeuwenhoek - First to see living cells - called them "animalcules"

Discovery of Cells

Scientists who worked with different organisms - used microscopes to view cells in different tissues

Developed the Cell Theory

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

• Prokaryotic cells are older, smaller, lack nucleus and organelles

• Eukaryotic cells are younger, larger, and have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

• All cells have cytoplasm, cell membrane, DNA and ribosomes

Endosymbiosis

• Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells

• Engulfed prokaryotic cells became chloroplasts and mitochondria

• Evidence: separate DNA, size, separate division

Multiple Select

What are evidence to support endosymbiotic theory?

• Mitochondria is found outside the cells

• Mitochondria and chloroplast can divide independently

• Mitochondria and chloroplast have their own cell membrane

• Mitochondria and chloroplast have their own genetic material

Multiple Choice

____________ & _________________ are organelles that definitely arose from endosymbiosis.

• Nucleus and cell membrane

• Chloroplast and mitochondria

• Mitochondria and nucleus

• Cell wall and chloroplast

Multiple Choice

The theory of Endosymbiosis explains

• The origin of eukaryotes

• How bacteria live

• How species develop

• Why cells rely on one another

Multiple Choice

Which of these is NOT a component of the cell theory?

• all living things are made of cells

• cells form through spontaneous generation

• cells are the basic functional structure of life

• cells come from preexisting cells

Multiple Choice

An organism has a cell wall, free-floating DNA, and ribosomes. What is it?

• a plant

• an animal

• a fungus

• a prokaryote

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is correct about the Golgi? 

• Digests waste materials 
• Protection and Support 
• Modifies and packages molecules 
• cellular movement 

Multiple Choice

According to cell theory, where did this cell come from?

• another living cell
• energy from sun
• a multicellular organism
• the nonliving environment

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is only found in plants and is the site of photosynthesis?

• Chloroplast

• Chlorophyll

• Golgi Apparatus

• Ribosome

Multiple Choice

Which is a difference between plant and animal cells?

• Molecules can only pass into an animal cell because it has a cell membrane.

• A plant cell has a well defined shape, because it has a cell wall.

• A plant cell can store genetic information, because it has a nucleus.

• An animal cell can produce energy, because it has mitochondria.

Cell Membrane - 2 Key Qualities

• They are semipermeable (only certain materials may freely cross)

• They are selective (membrane proteins may regulate the passage of materials that cannot freely cross)

Passive Transport

• Simple diffusion through the lipid bilayer

• Facilitated diffusion through a protein channel

• Does not require energy

• Moves from high concentration to low concentration

Active Transport

• Moves molecules through a protein pump

• Requires energy (ATP)

• Moves materials from low concentration to high concentration

Tonicity

The ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

Mostly depends on the concentration of a solute or salts on both sides of the membrane

Multiple Choice

During diffusion, particles move from

• High to low concentration

• Low to high concentration

Multiple Choice

What are the 2 parts of a phospholipid? 

• Hydrophobic head, hydrophilic tails 
• Hydrophobic heads, hydrophobic tails 
• Hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails 
• Hydrophilic heads, hydrophilic tails 

Multiple Choice

Where are channel proteins found, and what do they do?

• in the nucleus; make DNA

• in the cell membrane; allow certain substances in and out

• in the chloroplast; make sugar

• around the vacuole; control pressure

Multiple Choice

Where in a cell is this structure found, and what is its purpose?

• around the nucleus; protein production

• around the cell; protection and transport

• near the nucleus; package molecules for transport

• in plant cells only; photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

When cells are placed in a hypertonic sugar solution, what will likely happen?

• water will leave the cell

• water will enter the cell

• the amount of water will stay the same

• sugar will enter the cell

Multiple Choice

Diffusion is when the the particles move:

• From A to B

• From B to A

• from both sides equally

• not at all

Multiple Choice

"Active transport" is when a cell:

• absorbs materials from Low to High concentrations without energy

• absorbs materials from High to Low concentrations without energy

• forces materials from Low to High concentrations using energy

• does nothing