Social-Cognitive, Behavioral, & Humanistic Personality Theor

Social-Cognitive, Behavioral, & Humanistic Personality Theories

According to the Behavioral Perspective:

• personality is a function of the environment

• personality is predictable based on history of reinforcements & punishments

Social Cognitive Theories

• personality comes from a combination of:

  • environmental conditions

  • behavior

  • cognitive factors

  • ​

Two specific

Social-Cognitive Personality Theories:​

Rotter's Expectancy Theory

• based on locus of control

  • internal or external?

Bandura's Social Learning Theory

• Personality is learned in social situations through:

  • ​observational learning

  • self-efficacy

  • reciprocal determinism

observational learning

• imitation of modeled behavior​

• Bandura's Bobo Doll experiment​

self-efficacy

vs. self-esteem

self-efficacy

• focused on DOING

• sense of competence on a particular task

• Bandura (social-cognitive theory)

self-esteem

• focused on BEING

• general sense of high or low self-worth

• There can be a relationship between self-esteem & self-efficacy

self-efficacy

vs. self-esteem

vs. self-concept

self-concept

• focused on UNDERSTANDING

• our answer to the question "who am I?"

• positive self-concept = same "real self" & "ideal self"

• negative self-concept = when we fall short of our ideal self

• Maslow & Rogers (humanistic theory)

reciprocal determinism

multi-directional influences among our environment, personal factors, and our behavior

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (humanistic theory)

Multiple Choice

Diego struggles with meeting new people. He is very shy and does not approach people at social events. Because of this, people assume he does not want to talk to them and they avoid him, which in turn reinforces Diego’s anxiety about approaching people. Diego's situation illustrates which of the following principles?

• locus of control

• implicit personality theory

• learned helplessness

• reciprocal determinism

• modeling

Multiple Choice

Trey believes he can learn difficult material for his classes if he stays focused and committed. He has strong ___ for academics.

• expectancy

• self-efficacy

• congruence

• determinism

• actualization

Multiple Choice

Fulfillment of personal potential is most clearly associated with the concept of

• expectancy

• locus of control

• self-concept

• self-actualization

Multiple Choice

Karina considers herself to be an extremely honest person, but she often lies to her teachers about why she is late to class. Carl Rogers would probably say that Karina

• is experiencing self-actualization

• has low self-efficacy

• has high self-efficacy

• is experiencing congruency

• is experiencing incongruency