7ASP Chapter 10 Review

7ASP Chapter 10 Review

LO:

- To review key concepts from chapter 10.1, 10.2, 10.3.

- To practice MCQ

Open Ended

What is the difference between climate and weather?

Climate vs. Weather

• Weather is the atmospheric conditions, along with short-term changes, of a certain place at a certain time

• Climate is the long-term average conditions that occur in a particular region

Multiple Choice

Climate is the ___________ average weather conditions that occur in a particular region.

• global

• short-term

• long-term

• seasonal

Multiple Choice

Which does NOT help explain climate differences?

• altitude

• latitude

• oceans

• organisms

What affects climate?

• Latitude: it determines how much solar energy it receives, places closest to the equator receive the most so will, on average, have the highest temperatures

• Altitude: temperature decreases as you increase altitude (move further above Earth's surface)

• Rain shadows: Mountains can act as barriers to wind and rain, creating hot and dry areas

• Large bodies of water: Water has a higher specific heat than land, so areas close to the ocean have a more constant climate

Multiple Choice

What kind of climate would you expect to find at position 4?

• mild

• continental

• tropical

• dry

Rain Shadows

• An area of low rainfall on the downward slope of a mountain

• Before the mountain is wet and windy but the mountain creates a barrier, so after the mountain the climate is hot and dry

Multiple Choice

A rain shadow is created by which factor that affects climate?

• a large body of water

• buildings and concrete

• latitude

• mountains

Multiple Choice

Which climate typically has warm summers, cold winters and moderate precipitation?

• continental

• dry

• polar

• tropical

Classifying Climates

• There are 5 types of climates, according to Kopen's classification system

• Polar: cold all year, low precipitation

• Continental: warm summer, cold winter, medium precipitation

• Dry: hot summer, cool winter, very low precipitatiom

• Tropical: warm all year, high precipitation

• Mild: warm summer, mild winter, high precipitation, humid

Multiple Choice

Which is the most likely location of the area?

• in the middle of a large continent

• in the middle of a large ocean

• near the North Pole

• on the coast of a large continent

Multiple Choice

The specific heat of water is _______

than the specific heat of land.

• higher

• lower

• less efficient

• more efficient

Specific Heat

• Specific heat is the amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of material by 1  $\degree C$  

• Water has a higher specific heat than land, so it takes more energy to increase it's temperature

• Areas on near large bodies of water will have a more constant temperature, whereas continental areas will see bigger changes across seasons

Open Ended

What is the difference between ice age and interglacial?

Long-term climate cycles

• Earth moves between ice ages and interglacials

• Ice ages: cold periods lasting from hundreds to millions of years when glaciers cover much of the Earth

• Interglacials: warm periods that occur during or between ice ages

Multiple Choice

Which are warm periods during or between

ice ages?

• ENSO

• Interglacials

• Monsoons

• Pacific osciliations

Multiple Choice

Which characterises interglacials?

• earthquakes

• monsoons

• precipitation

• warmth

Multiple Choice

Long-term climate cycles are caused by all of the following EXCEPT

• changes in ocean circulation.

• How long Earth takes to complete one revolution of the Sun

• the slow movement of the continents

• variations in the shape of Earth’s orbit

Causes of long-term climate cycles

• Earth's orbit changes between circular and elliptical, which changes the amount of solar energy it receives

• Earth tilt changes every 41,000 years, changing the range of temperatures seen in the year

• Earth's continents are slowly moving, changing the location of them which effects how much solar energy they recieve

• Changes in the ocean's circulation effects climate of areas, as warm water/cold water is pushed in different directions

Multiple Choice

What is the primary cause of seasonal changes on Earth?

• Earth’s distance from the Sun

• Earth’s ocean currents

• Earth’s prevailing winds

• Earth’s tilt on its axis

Seasons

• Seasons change because Earth's tilt changes throughout the year, meaning different latitudes get different amounts of solar energy

• Tilted towards the sun = more solar energy > summer, higher temperatures, more daylight hours

• Tilted away from the sun = less solar energy > winter, lower temperature, less daylight hours

Multiple Choice

In the diagram above, what season is North

America experiencing?

• fall

• spring

• summer

• winter

Multiple Choice

Which season is it in the southern hemisphere

in July?

• fall

• spring

• summer

• winter

Changing seasons

• The Earth is split into two halves called hemispheres

• Each hemisphere experiences the season, opposite the other

• Solstice days mark the beginning of summer/winter

• Equinox days mark the beginning of spring/fall

• This diagram shows the seasons for the Northern hemisphere

Multiple Choice

During which event do trade winds weaken

and the usual pattern of pressure across the

Pacific Ocean reverses?

• drought

• ENSO (El Niño)

• Northern Atlantic oscillation event

• volcanic eruption

El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

• The combined ocean and atmospheric cycle that results in weakened trade winds across the Pacific Ocean

• This cycle occurs every 3-8 years

• Trade winds weaken, stopping upwelling of cold water which changes the pressure systems

• This causes normally dry, cool areas to have high precipitation and some violent storms

• Droughts occur in usually wet areas

Open Ended

Critical thinking: Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. The graph shows that as carbon dioxide levels increase, average global temperature also increases.

Using this information, what actions could we take to reduce global warming?

Ways to reduce greenhouse gases

• To reduce greenhouse gases we need to produce less of them, or remove more from the atmosphere

• Use alternative energy sources e.g. wind, solar, geothermal, biodeisel

• Stop deforestation and plant more trees

• Reduce, reuse, recycle

• Conserve fuel by switching off lights etc.