Saturday School (5A, 11B, 5B)

Saturday School
5A, 11B, 5B

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Multiple Choice

4A Students use a microscope to look for structures present in four different cells. The students placed an X for each structure that was viewed for each cell on the table shown.

Which cell that was viewed is most likely a prokaryote?

• Cell W

• Cell X

• Cell Y

• Cell Z

Draw

Scientists observe the traits of cells on four microscope slides and record their observations in a table. Based on the scientists’ observations, identify the cell type (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) for each microscope slide in the table.

Open Ended

Two students list characteristics of an organism:

has cytoplasm

has DNA in a nucleus

has ribosomes

has a cell wall

Based on the list of characteristics, Student A claims that the organism is

prokaryotic, while Student B claims that the organism is eukaryotic.

Identify which student is correct AND why that student is correct.

Think about the information carefully. Then enter your response in the box provided.

Multiple Choice

12D What would be the most likely effect of a wildfire that burned a large area of a forest?

• More sugars and starches would be available for animals in the area.

• The availability of fossil fuels for use by industries in the area would be reduced.

• Less carbon dioxide would be removed from the atmosphere in the area by plants.

• An increase in animal respiration would increase the release of carbon dioxide in the area.

Multiple Choice

5B The diagram represents a theory about cells.

Which theory is represented in this diagram?

• The theory that all living organisms are made of cells

• 
  The theory that complex cells evolved after primitive cells engulfed bacterial cells that continued functioning

• The theory that organisms function best when their internal conditions are maintained within narrow limits

• The theory that all living organisms share the same basic genetic components

Multiple Choice

A student is completing this Venn diagram that compares carbohydrates and lipids.

Which description belongs in the shaded area of the Venn diagram?

• Change shape in order to function properly

• Act as insulation to reduce heat loss

• Provide organisms with energy

• Encode genetic information

Multiple Select

9A An advertisement for a health supplement for dogs claims to build lean muscle and strengthen tendons and ligaments, as well as provide energy. Which biomolecules must the supplement contain to provide these benefits? Select all that apply

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

• Carbohydrates

Multiple Choice

One way in which genetically modified mice are developed is by injecting the gene

sequence for green fluorescent protein (GFP) into a mouse embryo at a very early

stage of development. The injection typically contains genetic material and a

biomolecule that catalyzes the reaction.

Which statement BEST classifies the biomolecules responsible for the development

of these genetically modified mice?

• Lipids are responsible for carrying the genetic material and carbohydrates are

  responsible for catalyzing the reaction.

• Carbohydrates are responsible for carrying the genetic material and nucleic acids

  are responsible for catalyzing the reaction.

• Proteins are responsible for carrying the genetic material and lipids are

  responsible for catalyzing the reaction.

• Nucleic acids are responsible for carrying genetic material and proteins are

  responsible for catalyzing the reaction.

Multiple Choice

11B The graphs show the reaction rate for an enzyme across a range of temperatures and pH.

Based on these data, this enzyme functions best at what temperature and pH?

• Temperature of 27°C and a pH of 4

• Temperature of 37°C and a pH of 6

• Temperature of 40°C and a pH of 8

• Temperature of 50°C and a pH of 10

Multiple Choice

11B: Taq polymerase is an enzyme used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to replicate fragments of DNA. A study published in 1976 examined the properties of Taq polymerase after the enzyme was isolated from Thermus aquaticus, a thermophilic bacterium that lives in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. The graph shows one of the results of the study. Which statement about enzyme activity is best supported by this graph?

• An enzyme must be composed of multiple polypeptides, or subunits, to be active

• An enzyme's rate of activity increases with time until it becomes inactive

• An enzyme functions best under specific temperature conditions

• An enzyme works equally well in bacteria that are adapted to high temperatures and in eukaryotic cells such as human cells.

Multiple Choice

Lipase is an enzyme responsible for breaking fat down in the stomach. Which

statement explains the effectiveness of lipase as it moves through the digestive

system from the stomach to the intestine?

• It becomes less effective because it is used up by fats in the stomach.

• It becomes more effective because it acquires energy for more reactions from

  fats.

• It becomes less effective because it is inhibited by the change in pH from the

  stomach to the intestines.

• It becomes more effective because it changes shape and is able to break down

  other materials in the intestines.

Multiple Choice

11B: People who have Alzheimer's disease experience an increasing loss of brain function and cognition over time. Alzheimer's is characterized by a buildup of abnormal protein fragments that damage brain cells. Recently, scientists have discovered an enzyme, BACE2, that decreases these abnormal protein fragments in the brain of a person with Alzhemier's disease. Which statement explains how BACE2 most likely works?

• BACE2 breaks down into smaller pieces that react with the abnormal protein fragments, forming more complex molecules

• BACE2 speeds up the reaction the breaks down the abnormal protein fragments

• BACE2 molecules link several abnormal protein fragments together, forming a complete protein

• BACE2 is a reactant that combines with the abnormal protein fragments

Multiple Choice

The diagram illustrates a biological process.

Which statement describes what will MOST LIKELY happen during Step 4?

• The substrates will bind together to form a product, and the enzyme will be

  unchanged.

• The substrates will bind together to form a product, and the enzyme will be

  denatured.

• The enzymes and substrates will all bind together to form one product.

• The enzyme will become the product and both substrates will be released.