BIOLOGY PACKET

BIOLOGY REVIEW PACKET

This contains the compressed major topics in Biology. Study every slide and apply what you've learned. You can always master concepts by doing this Quizizz repeatedly.

CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION. There are two main reasons why cells divide:

• 1.Information Overload: The larger a cell gets, the more demands it places on its DNA. Eventually, the cell's DNA cannot meet the cell's needs.

• 2. Exchange of materials: Cell takes in nutrients and eliminate wastes through the cell membrane. The larger a cell's volume, the more materials it needs to function and the more waste. If a cell gets larger, the harder it is for enough materials to move across its cell membrane.

• What is Cell division? It solves the information overload and materials exchange problems.

Reproduction - is the formation of new cells.

• Asexual Reproduction also called MITOSIS: 1) produces genetically identical organisms; 2)in many single-celled and in some multicellular organisms 3) allows rapid reproduction

• Sexual Reproduction also called MEIOSIS: 1) produces organisms with genetic information from both parents; 2) occurs in most animals and plants and in singe-celled organisms

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Multiple Choice

Your skin cell divides and reproduce new cell the same as the old cell or parent cell. What kind of reproduction is it?

• Asexual or mitosis

• Sexual or meiosis

Multiple Choice

Cell division occurs due to information overload and much materials overload.

• True

• False

Multiple Select

The two kinds of reproductions are:

• Asexual

• Sexual

• DNA

• Cell

Cell Cycle is the series of events in the growth and division of a cell.

Prokaryotic cell grows and divide by pinching in the cell membrane.

Eukaryotic cell grows and divide by four stages:

Cell Cycle - 2 Major Phases = I'M

First is I which stands for Interphase (G1, S, G2)

• Interphase

• 1.G1 (1st Gap Phase)- the cell grows and organelles duplicates. Also called preparatory phase

  
  

• 2.S (Synthesis phase) - the cell replicates its DNA. It is also called DNA Replication

  
  

• G2 (2nd Gap Phase) - the cell produces organelles and materials for division.

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• 1.G1 (1st Gap Phase) - the cell grows and organelles duplicates. Also called preparatory phase

• 2. S Phase (Synthesis Phase) - the cell duplicates the DNA. From long uncoiled 1 Chromatin or chromosome to coiled 2 sister chromatids or chromosome. This process is called REPLICATION.

• 3. G2 (2nd Gap Phase) - cell grows more - more proteins and organelles.

M stands for Mitosis Phase

• M phase - the cell divides through mitosis (division of the nucleus) and cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm