DNA & Protein Synthesis Review

DNA & Protein Synthesis Review

For Mrs. Bergstrom's Biology

Multiple Choice

The scientists who established the structure of DNA are...

• Hershey & Chase

• Avery & Chargaff

• Mendel & Griffith

• Watson & Crick

Multiple Choice

A stretch of a chromosome that counts for a particular trait is called a

• Gene

• Base-pair

• Fork

Multiple Choice

The twisted ladder shape of DNA is called

• Hydrogen twist

• Double Helix

• Double Membrane

Multiple Choice

The two strands of DNA are held together by

• Hydrogen bonds

• Peptide bonds

• Covalent bonds

Multiple Choice

A nucleotide consists of

• A Nitrogen Base

• Sugar

• Phosphate

• All of the above

Transcription:

Copying a segment of DNA into RNA; this takes place in the Nucleus.

When RNA is synthesized on a DNA template using the enzyme RNA Polymerase.

Messenger RNA will be the result (mRNA).

Multiple Choice

After Transcription takes place, what else is needed for protein synthesis to occur?

• tRNA

• mRNA

• Ribosomes

• All of the above

Translation

The process in which ribosomes synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus.

Multiple Choice

Translation begins at

• At the replication fork

• The lagging strand

• The starting codon

Multiple Choice

At what point does tRNA bind with mRNA?

• Codon

• Anticodon

• Amino Acid

Replication:

Producing two identical replicas of a DNA strand; the 2 DNA molecules will contain a strand of the original plus a new strand making it semi-conservative.

DNA Polymerase is used to construct new nucleotide chains that are complementary to the original.

Nucleotides are added to the lagging strand away from the fork.

Multiple Choice

DNA replication requires:

• DNA Ligase

• DNA Helicase

• DNA Polymerase

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

In order for DNA replication to occur, FIRST

• Hydrogen bonds form between bases

• The DNA is unwound

• DNA Polymerase binds to a leading strand

• Chromosomes condense

Multiple Choice

DNA Replication begins

• On the lagging strand

• At the replication fork

• At the start codon

Multiple Choice

These are formed when DNA strands separate in replication.

• Primers

• Helicases

• Forks

Multiple Choice

When nucleotides are ADDED to both the leading and lagging strand.

• Initiation

• Elongation

• Termination

Multiple Choice

The enzyme responsible for joining Okazaki fragments in replication is

• DNA Polymerase

• DNA Helicase

• DNA Ligase

DNA Sequencing Codes

• DNA: Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid; The main function is to store material to create proteins.

• RNA: Ribose Nucleic Acid

• mRNA: Messenger ribonucleic acid; involved in Protein Synthensis; it matches to a genetic code in DNA in transcription.

• tRNA: Transfer RNA; it carries amino acids.

Multiple Choice

In DNA, Cytosine (C) binds with

• Guanine (G)

• Adenine (A)

• Thymine (T)

Multiple Choice

In DNA, Adenine (A) binds with

• Guanine (G)

• Cytosine (C)

• Thymine (T)

Fill in the Blank

If a DNA strand has the sequence TGA, what is the sequence replicated from this?

Multiple Choice

What is found on RNA but not on DNA?

• Thymine (T)

• Uracil (U)

• Adenine (A)

Multiple Choice

In mRNA, Adenine (A) pairs with

• Guanine (G)

• Cytosine (C)

• Uracil (U)

Multiple Choice

In mRNA, Cytosine (C) pairs with

• Guanine (G)

• Adenine (A)

• Uracil (U)

Fill in the Blank

Fill in the in the mRNA transcription:

AAGGTCGGT

Fill in the Blank

Fill in the Anticodon for the tRNA strand: CCA

Multiple Choice

Ribosomes are made of...

• DNA

• tRNA

• mRNA

• rRNA

Amino Acids

On the next slide, determine what the mRNA codon CCN stands for.

Multiple Choice

mRNA codon CCN stood for:

• Proline

• Serine

• Alanine

Multiple Choice

The three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA used to determine the Amino Acid is called the

• tRNA

• Gene

• Codon