Ch.14 - The North and the South

Ch.14 - The North and the South

Lesson 1 The Industrial North

Lesson 2 People of the North

Industry and factories

Textile manufacturing in the North was huge. Workers lived and worked in factories producing textiles.

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Textile factories operated in large northern cities and produced cloth from raw cotton from the South.​

Textile factories were dangerous places to work and many women and children lived in these factories working constantly for long hours.

Faster Transportation

• The North had already connected major rivers and lakes together by building canals.

• Steamboats and the railroad cut travel time down tremendously for people and products in the North.

• From 1840 - 1860 the U.S. builds over 31,000 miles of railroad tracks (most in the North)

Multiple Select

Which of the following would be a benefit of having railroads and trains?

• workers can get to their jobs at the factories faster

• Products became cheaper at store because goods could be shipped to stores faster

• Trains carried livestock, grain and dairy products from the Midwest to major cities in the North

• fast and affordable train travel allowed people to move further into the West and settle

Benefits of better transportation

• Steamships and trains allowed people and goods to travel faster.

• people in the North had better business and larger populations in cities.

• Before the railroad, people relied on horses or rivers to ship goods. With railroad tracks, trains could travel anywhere to ship.

Multiple Choice

based on the map of major railroads in 1860, which state had the most railroads?

• MISSISSIPPI

• ILLINOIS

• SOUTH CAROLINA

• IOWA

moving faster = big disaster

• As more people moved more quickly on trains and steamships, disasters also increased.

• SS Central America sinks with all passengers on board in 1857 off the coast of N.C.

• Great Train Wreck of 1856, two trains slammed head on killing 60 people and injuring 100

Communications Breakthroughs

• writing letters was the only way to communicate over distances for a long time in the U.S. Samuel Morse perfected the Telegraph machine which sent messages in dots and dashes over electric wires.

• The Telegraph allowed people to communicate faster and news spread more quickly. Morse code still uses those dots and dashes to represent letters in the alphabet today

Multiple Choice

Which person is given the credit for inventing Morse Code?

• Cyrus McCormick

• John Deere

• Samuel Morse

• Thomas Edison

Multiple Choice

Which person invented the Steel-Tipped plow?

• Peter Cooper

• Samuel Morse

• Cyrus McCormick

• John Deere

Farming innovations

• Cyrus McCormick invents the mechanical reaper which harvested wheat faster and made growing wheat more profitable.

• More food meant larger populations in cities as well.

• John Deere invents the steel plow which allowed farmers to plant easier and increased farming in the West

Lesson 2 People of the North

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following was a new form of communication in the 1840's?

• Telegraph

• Cell Phone

• Telephone

• Video Camera

Multiple Choice

Which invention changed the way goods and people traveled across the North?

• Submarines

• Planes

• Trains

• Cars

Multiple Choice

Which person invented the steel tip plow, which allowed farmers to produce more crops?

• Samuel Morse

• Cyrus McCormick

• John Deere

• Peter Cooper

Multiple Select

Check the following answers - Which of the following were characteristics of the North?

• lots of railroad tracks and trains

• The North was mainly agricultural

• The North was more industrialized and had many factories

• The North relied on slave labor as the base of their economy

Factory Conditions

• Textile factories in the North were dangerous working conditions and most workers received little pay.

• Children and women worked 12 hour shifts in factories and often 6 days a week.

Open Ended

what safety violations do you see in the picture?

Factory workers organize

• By the 1830's skilled workers formed trade unions that fought for higher wages and shorter work days.

• Trade unions would often organize strikes to force factory owners to meet their demands.

• Strikes are when workers refuse to work until their demands are met

African Americans in the North

Northern states had outlawed slavery since the 1830's, but many African Americans still faced challenges in the North.

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What challenges do you think they faced living in the North??????​

Multiple Choice

an unfair opinion not based on facts is called....

• prejudice

• racism

• equality

• discrimination

African Americans in the North

• Although African Americans in the North were free, many still had to deal with prejudice and racial discrimination.

• Few northern states allowed African Americans to vote and were subjected to segregation in schools and public places.

• African Americans had to attend poor quality schools and hospitals

Women workers

• Women also faced discrimination in the workplace

• Many employers paid women half as much as men and were not allowed to join labor unions.

• Sarah G. Bagley, a factory worker from Massachusetts started the Lowell Female Labor Reform Org and fought for shorter workdays for women in factories.

Multiple Choice

True or False - Women and African Americans in the North faced discrimination and prejudice

• True

• False

Growth of cities and Immigration

• Between 1840 - 1860 Immigration into the U.S. increased and many immigrants came to the North looking for jobs.

• Cities began to expand and become even more crowded.

• Most immigrants came from Europe and to make a better life in America with their families.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following led to an increase in population in cities throughout the North?

• better medical doctors

• lack of jobs in factories

• slavery

• immigration

Irish Immigration

• Thousands of Irish immigrants came to the U.S. after starving in Ireland due to the Potato Famine

• Many Irish settled in Massachusetts and New York and found jobs in factories

Nativists

• Due to large numbers of immigrants in the North, jobs were hard to find and pay was low

• Many native born Americans known as Nativists felt threaten by immigration and blamed immigrants for problems in society

• immigrants were accused of bringing crime into cities and diseases.