Lesson 5: Structure 2 (Sentences with Multiple Clauses)

Lesson 5: Structure 2 (Sentences with Multiple Clauses)

Types of Sentences with Multiple Clauses

• 1. Compound Sentences

• 2. Complex Sentences

• 3. Sentences with Reduced Clauses

1. Compound Sentences

The clauses are combined with coordinate connectors: 

and, but, or, so, yet

Multiple Choice

A power failure occurred, ________ the lamps out.

• and

• but

• so

• or

2. Complex Sentences

The clauses are combined with subordinate connectors: 

after, because, if, although, as, where, etc.

2.1. Adverb Clause

Adverb Connectors of Time, Cause,

Condition, Contrast, Manner, Place

+ Subject + Verb

Multiple Choice

_________ was late, I missed the appointment.

• I

• Because

• The train

• Since he

Multiple Choice

You will get a good grade on the exam provided___________.

• studying

• study

• to study

• you study

2.2. Noun Clause

what/ when/ where/ why/ how/

whatever/ whenever/ whether/ if/ that + subject + verb

who/ what/ which/ whoever/ whatever/ whichever + verb

Multiple Choice

___________ was late caused many problems.

• That he

• The driver

• There

• Because

Multiple Choice

__________ was on television made me angry.

• It

• The story

• What

• When

Multiple Choice

A test pilot (A) tries out new (B) kinds of aircraft (C) to determine if (D)are they safe.

• A. tries out

• B. kind of

• C. to determine

• D. are they

2.3. Adjective Clause

whom/ which/ that/ whose/ where/ when + subject + verb

who/ which/ that + verb

Multiple Choice

The gift _________ selected for the bride was rather expensive.

• because

• was

• since

• which we

Multiple Choice

Cable cars are moved by cables __________ underground and are powered by a stationary engine.

• they run

• that they run

• run

• that run

Multiple Choice

The Ringling Brothers were five brothers (A) which built a small group of (B) performers into (C) the world's (D) largest circus.

• A. which

• B. performers

• C. the world's

• D. largest

Multiple Choice

Dolphins (A) lack vocal cords but they have a large (B) oil-filled organ called "melon", (C) which with (D) they can produce a variety of sounds.

• A. lack

• B. oil-filled

• C. which with

• D. they can

3. Sentences with Reduced Clauses

after/ before/ since/ while/ when/ if/ unless/ whether/ although/ though + Verb-ing

once/ until/ whenever/ when/ if/ unless/ whether/ although/ though/ where/ wherever/ as + Verb 3

3.1. Reduced Adverb Clause

Multiple Choice

Kokanee salmon begin to deteriorate and die soon ____________ at the age of four.

• they spawn

• after spawning

• spawn

• spawned the salmon

Multiple Choice

Until __________ incorrect, astronomers had assumed that the insides of white dwarfs were uniform.

• they

• their proof

• the astronomers recently proven

• recently proven

3.2. Reduced Adjective Clause

Multiple Choice

Experiments __________ represent a giant step into the medicine of the future.

• using gene therapy

• use gene therapy

• they use

• gene therapy uses

Multiple Choice

____________ artifacts from the early Chinese dynasties, numerous archeologists have explored the southern Silk Road.

• They were searching for

• It was a search for

• Searched for

• Searching for

Multiple Choice

The National Restaurant __________ Washington, says that federal efforts to regulate workplace smoking would limit restaurants' ability to respond to the desires of their patrons.

• Association in

• Association is in

• Association which is in

• Association, based in

Multiple Choice

____________ behind government secrecy for nearly half a century, the Hanford plant in central Washington produced plutonioum for the nuclear weapons of the Cold War.

• It is hidden

• Hidden

• Which is hidden

• The plant is hiding