4Q Science 5 Review

4Q Science 5 Review

Earth and Space

4Q Pointers to Review

• Layers of the Earth

• Plate Tectonics

• Weathering

• Agents of Erosion

• Climate vs. Weather

• Weather Disturbances

• Moon, Stars, and Planets

Layers of the Earth

• The structure of the earth is divided into four major components: the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core.

Multiple Choice

What layer is a shell of liquid iron nickel that creates the Earth's magnetic field?

• Mantle

• Inner core

• Outer core

• Crust

Multiple Choice

What layer is the deepest layer beneath the Earth's surface at 1,500 miles and is considered to be a solid iron ball because of the pressure it is placed under?

• Inner core

• Mantle

• Outer core

• Crust

Multiple Choice

What layer is the thinnest outer layer of the Earth and is made of minerals that make up the rock we stand on?

• Mantle

• Inner core

• Crust

• Outer core

Multiple Choice

What layer is the thickest layer of the Earth making up two-thirds (2/3) of its mass from hot molten rock (magma) that flows like road tar?

• Mantle

• Crust

• Inner core

• Outer core

CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY

Continental drift describes one of the earliest ways geologists thought continents moved over time

Continental Drift Theory

• proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912

• Super continent called "Pangea"

• The continents gradually drifted apart.

PLATE TECTONICS

Plate tectonics describes the distribution and motion of the plates.

PLATE TECTONICS

• Plate tectonics reveals that the lithosphere is divided into eight major pieces with several smaller plates.

• The plates are mobile, moving in constant, slow motion.

• Convection currents drive the movement of Earth's rigid tectonic plates in the planet's fluid molten mantle.

Multiple Choice

What layer is broken into plates like a puzzle because of the movement of the hot mantle?

• Outer core

• Inner core

• Crust

• Mantle

Multiple Choice

The theory of continental drift states that all the continents were once part of one big landmass called Pangaea. Who was the scientist that came up with this theory?

• Albert Einstein

• Bill Gates

• Alfred Wegener

• Marie Curie

Multiple Choice

What was the name of the super continent that existed 250 million years ago?

• Pangea

• Laurasia

• Gondwana

• Europe

Multiple Choice

Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by _______

• subduction

• conduction

• convection

• continental drift

Weathering and Erosion

Mechanical Weathering

-physical disintegration and reduction in the size of the rocks without changing their chemical composition. 

Chemical Weathering

decomposes, dissolves, alters, or weakens the rock through chemical processes to form residual materials

Multiple Choice

Waves crash onto rocks along the shore.

• Mechanical weathering

• Chemical weathering

Multiple Choice

Acidic water seeps into holes in rocks and dissolves them.

• mechanical weathering

• chemical weathering

Multiple Choice

Water in the cracks of rocks freezes.

• mechanical weathering

• chemical weathering

Multiple Choice

Glaciers scrape the land.

• mechanical weathering

• chemical weathering

Multiple Choice

The carbonate compounds dissolved in water cane easily erode rocks.

• mechanical weathering

• chemical weathering

Agents of Erosion

Erosion is the physical removal and transport of material by mobile agents such as water, wind, or ice.

The four common agents of erosion are: water, ice, wind, and gravity.

Multiple Choice

Rivers transport and abrade sediment.

• wind

• gravity

• water

• glacier

Multiple Choice

A huge heavy slow moving ice that gouges out the land moving anything in their path. When they finally melt, piles of mixed up sediment and lots of fresh water are left behind.

• wind

• water

• gravity

• glacier

Multiple Choice

It pulls all things toward Earth’s center. The result of these “creeps” or “avalanches” will be mixed piles of sediments usually below slumps in the land.

• water

• wind

• gravity

• glacier

PHASES OF THE MOON

Half of the moon is always in the light and half in shadow. The amount of light we see changes at different points in the month.

Multiple Choice

What phase of the moon is labeled 2?

• waning crescent

• waxing crescent

• waxing gibbous

• waning gibbous

Multiple Choice

What phase of the moon is labeled 4?

• waxing gibbous

• waxing crescent

• waning gibbous

• waning crescent

Multiple Choice

What phase of the moon is labeled 6?

• waning gibbous

• waning crescent

• waxing crescent

• waxing gibbous

Multiple Choice

How long does it take for the Moon to travel around the Earth?

• 24 hours

• 29 days

• 365 days

• 36 hours

CLIMATE

Climate describes weather patterns over a long period of time.

Multiple Choice

The coldest places on Earth are near _______.

• the equator

• the poles

Multiple Choice

The warmest places on Earth are near _______.

• the equator

• the poles

Multiple Choice

We measure elevation as the distance from ____.

• sea level

• Earth's core

Multiple Choice

What is the measure of distance in degrees north and south from the equator?

• elevation

• longitude

• latitude

• ocean currents

Multiple Choice

Which sentence best describes how latitude and temperature are related?

• LOWER latitude = COLDER air temperature

• HIGHER latitude = WARMER temperatures

• HIGHER latitude = COLDER air temperature

THE UNIVERSE

Multiple Choice

A ____ is a huge system of gas, dust, stars, and objects orbiting stars that are held together by the force of gravity.

• galaxy

• comet

• gas giant

Multiple Choice

Which is an object in the solar system that is a frozen mass of ice and dust?

• Gas, dust, stars, and objects that orbit stars

• Earth, its moon, the sun, and Jupiter