AP Biology Unit 7: Natural Selection Review

AP Biology Unit 7: Natural Selection Review

Multiple Choice

Adaptations can be:

• camouflage

• ability to survive cold weather

• hunting skills

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best illustrates natural selection?

• An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.

• A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate.

• A community whose members work together utilizing all existing resources and migratory routes.

• The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities.

Open Ended

How does artificial selection show human impact on variation in a population?

Multiple Choice

What is the smallest unit that can evolve?

• Individuals

• Community

• Population

• Ecosystem

Multiple Choice

Scientists compare the limbs of organisms to look for evidence of common ancestry. These limbs provide evidence of common ancestry because they -

• perform the same function
• are the same size
• have the same basic structure
• are parts of the same animal

Open Ended

How can it be explained that snakes and lizards are both reptiles but have different features?

Open Ended

How do we know all organisms evolved from a common ancestor?

Multiple Choice

If species 1 and 2 have similar appearances but different DNA sequences while species 3 and 4 have different appearances but very similar DNA, which pair of species is more likely to be closely related?

• Species 3 and 4

• Species 1 and 2

Multiple Choice

Suppose a certain species of insect lives in the lush green canopy of the rain forest. Some of the insects are bright green in color, and some are bright yellow. Assume there is a natural predator of the insect in the area. What do you expect to happen to the populations of the green and the yellow insects over time?

• The green insect population will increase and the yellow insect population will decrease.

• The green insect population will decrease and the yellow insect population will increase.

• Both insect populations will remain constant over time.

• Both insect populations will increase over time.

Multiple Choice

What does the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium measure?

• changes in allele frequencies
• numbers of mutations
• goodness of fit
• genetic diversity

Multiple Choice

Which Hardy-Weinberg factor represents the frequency of heterozygous individuals in a population?

• p²

• 2pq

• q²

• p² + 2pq

Multiple Choice

A population of 150 individuals has an allele frequency of 0.3 for the dominant allele (B) and a frequency of 0.7 for the recessive allele (b). Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to determine the frequency of the genotype (bb).

• 0.09
• 0.42
• 0.49
• 0.21

Open Ended

How can you tell how closely related 2 species are?

Multiple Select

How is variation in a population created?

• Gene flow

• Genetic drift

• Natural Selection

Multiple Choice

A virus killed most of the seals in the North Sea (e.g. dropped the population from    8000 to 800).  In an effort to help preserve the species, scientists caught 20 of the   remaining seals and used them to start a new population in the northwest Pacific   Ocean.  Which of the following statements would accurately describe the new   population?  

• The new seal population is genetically less diverse than the original population 
• The new seal population is genetically more diverse than the original population
• There is equal genetic variety compared  to the original population 
• None of the answers

Multiple Choice

The model below shows a how populations of organisms can change. Which of the   following concepts is best illustrated by this demonstration?                                          

•  Evolution of a predatory species
• Genetic drift 
•  Environmentally induced genetic mutations 
• Gene flow 

Multiple Choice

_{What type of selection?}

• Directional 
• Stabilizing
• Disruptive

Multiple Choice

What type of selection is depicted in the picture? 

• stabilizing 
• directional 
• disruptive 
• the answer is not here

Multiple Choice

What type of natural selection is this?

• Disruptive Selection

• Directional Selection

• Stabilizing Selection

• Sexual Selection

Multiple Choice

Scientists find that most feral cats in a neighborhood have whiskers about 12 cm long. After about 15 generations of stabilizing selection, what would you expect to see?

• even more cats with 12 cm long whiskers
• most cats with less than 12 cm long whiskers
• most cats with more than 12 cm long whiskers
• most cats with whiskers either less than or more than 12 cm long, very few with whiskers 12 cms 

Multiple Choice

One sex competes over obtaining mates, and only those with specific traits are successful.

• Male Competition

• Female Choice

• Evolution

• Species

Multiple Choice

Suppose a certain species of insect lives in the lush green canopy of the rain forest. Some of the insects are bright green in color, and some are bright yellow. Assume there is a natural predator of the insect in the area. What do you expect to happen to the populations of the green and the yellow insects over time?

• The green insect population will increase and the yellow insect population will decrease.

• The green insect population will decrease and the yellow insect population will increase.

• Both insect populations will remain constant over time.

• Both insect populations will increase over time.

Multiple Choice

The pollen (sperm) of a flowering plant cannot fertilize the egg cell of a nearby flowering plant of its kind. What type of reproductive barrier is this?

• behavioral isolation
• temporal isolation 
• gametic isolation
• geographic isolation 

Multiple Choice

A flash flood carried a raft of Amazon ants away from their original population. There is enough distance between the two groups, that they will never meet in nature again. What type of reproductive barrier is this?

• behavioral isolation
• temporal isolation 
• gametic isolation
• geographic isolation 

Multiple Choice

Fruit flies are beginning to live & mate on different types of fruit on the floor of the Amazon. Bigger fruit flies prefer rotting mangos, while smaller fruit flies prefer rotting bananas. What type of reproductive barrier is this?

• habitat isolation
• temporal isolation 
• gametic isolation
• mechanical isolation 

Multiple Choice

The eastern and western Meadow Lark are seperate species as they contain sperate mating calls with prevents them from being attracted to each other. This is an example of what type of Isolation?

• Gametic isolation

• Geographic isolation

• Mechanical isolation

• Ecolological isolation

• Behavioral isolation

Multiple Choice

The flowers of pink tulips open in the morning, while the flowers of lavender tulips open in the early afternoon. The bees that pollinate these tulips cannot carry pollen back & forth between the two types of tulips because of their flowers being closed at different times of day. What type of reproductive barrier is this?

• allopatric speciation

• sympatric speciation

Multiple Choice

The presence of islands represents what type of reproductive isolation

• allopatric speciation

• sympatric speciation

Open Ended

A mule, a liger, a tigon are all hybrids. Why are all hybrids sterile?

Multiple Select

What is the difference between punctuated equilibrium and gradualism?

• Gradualism believes evolution happens in rapid bursts as environments gradually change

• Punctuated equilibrium believes evolution happens in rapid bursts followed by long periods of stability

• Gradualism believes evolution occurs continuously and slowly

• Punctuated equilibrium believes evolution occurs slowly as environments recover from disasters

Multiple Choice

a model that describes evolution as a slow, ongoing process by which one species changes to a new species.

• Gradualism

• Punctuated equilibrium

Multiple Choice

The graph displays periods of abrupt changes after long periods of little change which is:

• Gradualism

• Punctuated equilibrium