11 Political Developments in the Early Republic Review

Chapter 11

Political Developments in the Early Republic Review

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Vocabulary Review

Chapter 11 Key Content Vocabulary

• loose construction: a broad interpretation of the Constitution, meaning that Congress has powers beyond those specifically given in the Constitution

• nullify: to refuse to recognize a federal law

• sedition: the crime of encouraging rebellion against the government

• strict construction: a narrow interpretation of the Constitution, meaning that Congress has only those powers specifically given in the Constitution

Multiple Choice

a broad interpretation of the Constitution, meaning that Congress has powers beyond those specifically given in the Constitution

• loose construction

• nullify

• sedition

• strict construction

Multiple Choice

to refuse to recognize a federal law

• loose construction

• nullify

• sedition

• strict construction

Multiple Choice

the crime of encouraging rebellion against the government

• loose construction

• nullify

• sedition

• strict construction

Multiple Choice

a narrow interpretation of the Constitution, meaning that Congress has only those powers specifically given in the Constitution

• loose construction

• nullify

• sedition

• strict construction

Multiple Choice

What three departments were part of President Washington’s cabinet? 

Congress approved three departments. The Department of State was set up to handle relations with other countries. The Department of War was established to defend the nation. The Treasury Department was set up to oversee the nation's finances. 

Multiple Choice

All of these were part of President Washington’s cabinet except the

• Department of War.

• Department of State.

• Treasury Department.

• Education Department.

What was the cause of the Whiskey Rebellion? 

Many farmers complained that the tax made their whiskey too expensive, and they refused to pay it.

Multiple Choice

What was the cause of the Whiskey Rebellion?

• Farmers refused to pay taxes on whiskey.

• Farmers refused to use grain to produce whiskey.

• The government would not allow the trade of whiskey.

• The government made the production of whiskey illegal.

Why did President Washington order the army to end the Whiskey Rebellion? 

George Washington saw the Whiskey Rebellion as a threat to the authority of the national government.

Multiple Choice

Why did President Washington order the army to end the Whiskey Rebellion?

• He feared the citizens would start another revolution.

• He felt it was his responsibility to protect tax collectors.

• He saw the rebellion as a threat to the new government's authority.

• He was more comfortable as a military leader than a political leader.

What advice did President Washington give to Americans in his Farewell Address? 

He warned against the dangers of loyalty to political parties. If fighting between parties was not controlled, it could tear the young nation apart.

Multiple Choice

What advice did President Washington give to Americans in his Farewell Address?

• Pay taxes without complaint.

• Support the revolution in France.

• Do not address the president with royal titles.

• Do not let political party loyalty divide the nation.

What accomplishments occurred in President Washington’s administration? 

Washington had much to be proud of as he left office. The new government was up and running. The nation was growing so fast that it had added three new states: Kentucky, Tennessee, and Vermont. Most of all, Washington had steered his government safely through quarrelsome times. He left the nation united and at peace.

Multiple Choice

All of these occurred in President Washington’s administration except

• the nation was at peace.

• the country grew in size.

• political parties were eliminated.

• cabinet members were selected.

What was the major issue dividing the Federalist and Republican parties?

The major issue dividing the parties was how large and powerful the federal government should be. Federalists favored a strong national government. Republicans believed in a small government with limited powers.

Multiple Choice

Which of these was a major issue dividing the Federalist and Republican parties?

• how to divide the nation's wealth equally

• how many terms a president should serve in office

• how large and powerful the military should be

• how large and powerful the federal government should be

What did Alexander Hamilton believe was important for the United States to become a great nation? 

Hamilton's dream of national greatness depended on the United States developing a strong economy. 

Multiple Choice

What did Alexander Hamilton believe was important for the United States to become a great nation?

• a strong economy

• agricultural growth

• a partnership with France

• powerful state governments

Hamilton's economic plan was able to pass Congress by promising ...

 Hamilton promised to support a location of the capital in the South if southerners would support his debt plan. The debt plan was passed, and the nation's new capital—called the District of Columbia—was located in the South, on the Potomac River between Maryland and Virginia.

Multiple Choice

Hamilton's economic plan was able to pass Congress by promising this

• To follow the Constitution better in the future

• To fight Aaron Burr in a duel

• Hamilton would resign his position

• A permanent capital in the South

What did Republicans believe that the U.S. economy should be based on?

Republicans favored an economy based on agriculture and farming.

Multiple Choice

Republicans believed that the U.S. economy should be based on

• agriculture and farming.

• businesses and manufacturing.

• the slave trade.

• fishing and lumber.

What did Federalists feel that the nation’s economy should be based on? 

Federalists felt that the economy should be based mainly on business, manufacturing, and trade.

Multiple Choice

Federalists felt that the nation’s economy should be based on

• agriculture and farming.

• the slave trade.

• fishing and lumber.

• businesses and manufacturing.

Why did most Republicans support the French Revolution? 

The Republicans saw the French Revolution as part of a great crusade for democracy. Republicans favored democracy over any other form of government and believed it was worth fighting for.

Multiple Choice

Why did most Republicans support the French Revolution?

• They believed democracy was worth the fight.

• They admired the orderliness of the revolution.

• They admired the strength of the French monarchy.

• They believed the wealthy were best prepared to lead France

Why did most Federalists favor good relations with Great Britain?

When war broke out between France and England in 1793, most Federalists sided with Great Britain. Some were merchants and shippers whose business depended on trade with America's former enemy.

Multiple Choice

Why did most Federalists favor good relations with Great Britain?

• They feared their military power.

• They depended on their business.

• They wanted to be protected by them.

• They hoped to move there someday.

According to Alexander Hamilton, how would a national bank serve the country’s interests?

The bank would make loans to businesspeople to build new factories and ships. 

Multiple Choice

According to Alexander Hamilton, how would a national bank serve the country’s interests?

• It would eliminate the need for taxes.

• It would provide loans to businesspeople.

• It would create jobs for U.S. citizens.

• It would be a place for foreign countries to deposit money.

How did Republicans view the Alien and Sedition Acts? 

Republicans viewed the Alien and Sedition Acts as an attack their party and as an attack on the rights of free speech and free press.

Multiple Choice

Which of these was one of the ways Republicans viewed the Alien and Sedition Acts?

• as a tool to remove political parties

• as a way to increase citizen's rights

• as an attack on the right of free speech

• as a necessity to keep order in the new nation

Based on the states’ rights theory of the Constitution, what does each state have the authority to do?

States had the right to nullify the laws—that is, to declare them to be without legal force.

Multiple Choice

Based on the states’ rights theory of the Constitution, what does each state have the authority to do?

• nullify federal law

• choose the president

• rewrite the Bill of Rights

• increase the number of U.S. senators

Which event led to the addition of the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution?

Adams lost the election of 1800 to Thomas Jefferson after the Federalists broke a tie vote between Jefferson and Aaron Burr. In 1804, the Twelfth Amendment was added to the Constitution to prevent such ties.

Multiple Choice

Which of these events led to the addition of the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution?

• the election of 1800

• the Whiskey Rebellion

• the Alien and Sedition Acts

• the establishment of a national bank

Why did Jefferson call the election of 1800 a peaceful revolution?

In the United States, power had passed from one group to another without violence.

Multiple Choice

Why did Jefferson call the election of 1800 a peaceful revolution?

• Fighting in France ended.

• Slaves were able to vote for the first time.

• Serious differences were resolved without violence.

• Those who opposed his election moved out of the country.

Federalist or Republican?

Determine whether each characteristic listed was typical of a Federalist or a Republican.

Federalist or Republican?

• Farmer: Republican

• Believes the wealthy should rule: Federalist

• Supports the French Revolution: Republican

• Believes in a strong national government: Federalist

Multiple Select

Farmer

• Federalist

• Republican

Multiple Select

Believes the wealthy should rule

• Federalist

• Republican

Multiple Select

Supports the French Revolution

• Federalist

• Republican

Multiple Select

Believes in a strong national government

• Federalist

• Republican

Events & Acts

• The Whiskey Rebellion: A revolt by farmers in 1794 against a tax on whiskey

• Washington’s Farewell Address: George Washington's parting message to the nation, given in 1796, in which he warned of threats to the nation's future

• Alien and Sedition Acts: Four controversial laws passed by Federalists in Congress to make life difficult for their rivals, the Republicans

• Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: Statements written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison opposing the Alien and Sedition Acts

• Election of 1800: John Adams lost reelection to Thomas Jefferson, Federalists broke a tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr

Multiple Choice

A revolt by farmers in 1794 against a tax on whiskey

• Alien and Sedition Acts

• The Election of 1800

• Virginia and Kentucky Reolutions

• Washington's Farewell Address

• The Whiskey Rebellion

Multiple Choice

George Washington's parting message to the nation, given in 1796, in which he warned of threats to the nation's future

• Alien and Sedition Acts

• The Election of 1800

• Virginia and Kentucky Reolutions

• Washington's Farewell Address

• The Whiskey Rebellion

Multiple Choice

Four controversial laws passed by Federalists in Congress to make life difficult for their rivals, the Republicans

• Alien and Sedition Acts

• The Election of 1800

• Virginia and Kentucky Reolutions

• Washington's Farewell Address

• The Whiskey Rebellion

Multiple Choice

Statements written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison opposing the Alien and Sedition Acts

• Alien and Sedition Acts

• The Election of 1800

• Virginia and Kentucky Reolutions

• Washington's Farewell Address

• The Whiskey Rebellion

Multiple Choice

John Adams lost reelection to Thomas Jefferson, Federalists broke a tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr

• Alien and Sedition Acts

• The Election of 1800

• Virginia and Kentucky Reolutions

• Washington's Farewell Address

• The Whiskey Rebellion

People

• George Washington: the first President of the United States

• Alexander Hamilton: Washington's Treasury Secretary and most influential leader of the Federalists

• John Adams: Washington's Vice President, elected President in 1796, the first President to live in the White House

• Henry Knox: Washington's Secretary of War

• Thomas Jefferson: Washington's Secretary of State, leader of the Republicans, elected President in 1800

• Aaron Burr: New York politician, served as Vice President during Jefferson's first term, killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel in 1804

Multiple Choice

the first President of the United States

• John Adams

• Thomas Jefferson

• James Madison

• George Washington

Multiple Choice

Washington's Treasury Secretary and most influential leader of the Federalists

• John Adams

• Thomas Jefferson

• Alexander Hamilton

• James Madison

Multiple Choice

Washington's Vice President, elected President in 1796, the first President to live in the White House

• John Adams

• Thomas Jefferson

• Alexander Hamilton

• James Madison

Multiple Choice

Washington's Secretary of War

• John Adams

• Thomas Jefferson

• Alexander Hamilton

• Henry Knox

Multiple Choice

Washington's Secretary of State, leader of the Republicans, elected President in 1800

• John Adams

• Thomas Jefferson

• Alexander Hamilton

• James Madison

Multiple Choice

New York politician, served as Vice President during Jefferson's first term, killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel in 1804

• John Adams

• Thomas Jefferson

• Aaron Burr

• Henry Knox

​Good luck!