Cell Structure and Function

Cell Structure and Function

Levels of Organization

• The levels of organization for an organisms ranges from the least complex (or specialized) to the most complex

• The main order referred to when talking about levels or organization go from: cells--> tissues--> organs--> organ systems--> organisms with organisms being most complex

Levels of Organization

• Each level of organization is represented by something most are more familiar with

• For example: a person can be an organism

• The person's lungs or stomach is an example of an organ

• The respiratory system would be the organ system example that goes with the lungs

• The digestive system would be the organ system example that goes with the stomach

Structural Organization of the Body

This example has the least specialized (or complex) level or organization at the bottom and the most specialized at the top

Multiple Choice

Which of the following term does Row X of the diagram represent?

• Cells

• Oganisms

• Organs

• Organ systems

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows parts of the human body. These parts work together to help you digest food . Which term describes the stomach?

• Cell

• Tissue

• Organ

• Organ systems

Multiple Choice

Charissia drew the following diagram to describe the levels of structural organization of an animal's body. She will list the cell as both the least specialized and the most numerous at the bottom of the pyramid. Which of the following should she list in level 3 of the diagram?

• Organ

• Tissue

• Organisms

• Organ system

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly sequences the level of organization from simplest to most complex in a multicellular organism?

• organ--> system--> cell--> tissue

• organ--> tissue--> system--> cell

• cell--> tissue--> organ--> system

• cell--> system-->

  tissue--> organ

Plant and Animal Cells

• Plant cells and animal cells are very similar as far as the cell organelles they each have

• One way they are different, though, is that plant cells have chloroplasts and animal cells do not

Plant and Animal Cells

• Another difference between the two is their shape

• Lastly, both plant and animal cells have vacuoles, but plant cells only have large vacuoles. Animal Cells have both small and large vacuoles

Cell Organelles vs Organ Systems

• Cell organelles that are found in plant and animal cells can function just like organ systems found in humans and animals

• For example, the ribosomes produce proteins for cells like the digestive system produces proteins for our bodies

Cell Theory

• Cell Theory has three main parts

• 1. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function

• 2. All cells are made from preexisting cells

• 3. All living things are made of cells

• An important thing to remember about cells is that they can be multicellular (eukaryotic) or unicellular (prokaryotic)

Multiple Choice

This diagram shows a living cell. Which statement correctly identifies the cell type and explains why?

• This is a plant cell; the evidence is chloroplasts

• This is a plant cell; the evidence is the endoplasmic reticulum

• This is a animal cell; the evidence is the mitochondria

• This is an animal cell; the evidence is in the endoplasmic reticulum

Multiple Choice

What is only present in animal cells?

• Small vacuole

• Large vacuole

• Cell wall

• Chloroplast

Multiple Choice

Juana made the table pictured. Juana's table lists cell structures and organelles and their functions, but she made an error. Which of the organelles listed in the table shows the wrong function?

• mitochondrion

• ribosome

• cell membrane

• Golgi complex

Multiple Choice

Two unlabeled slides are viewed under a microscope. Slide A has cells with a visible nucleus, mitochondria, a cell membrane, a cell wall, and chloroplast. Slide B has cells with a visible nucleus, mitochondria, and a cell membrane. How should the slides be labeled?

• Slide A, animal cells Slide B animal cells

• Slide A, animal cells; Slide B, plant cells

• Slide A, plant cells; Slide B animal cells

• Slide A, plant cells; Slide B, plant cells

Multiple Choice

Jun Ming put a slide of eukaryotic cell under a microscope. The picture represents what Jun Ming observes. What is the function of the structure labeled A?

• The structure assembles proteins

• The structure contains DNA

• This structure acts as a protective barrier between the sell and controls what goes in and out

• This structure produces energy for the cell

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?

• stores DNA

• stores sugars

• builds proteins

• packages proteins

Multiple Choice

A table listing the functions of cells from different organisms is provided. What part of the cell theory does the information in the table relate to?

• All living things are made up of cells

• New cells come from existing cells

• Cells contain genetic material nucleus

• Also perform similar necessary functions

Lab Safety Rules

• There are many things that need to be done in order to stay safe when performing a lab

• You should always wear protective gear like safety goggles. There is no other eyewear that provides as much protection in a lab

• You should never wear any of the following in the lab: loose clothing, dangling jewelry or sandals. Closed toe shoes always

• ALWAYS notify your instructor FIRST if anything dangerous happens (like a fire breaks out) or if you don't understand what to do

Multiple Choice

If a laboratory fire erupts, immediately

• notify your instructor

• run for the fire extinguisher

• Throw water on the fire

• Open the windows

Multiple Choice

If you do not understand a direction or part of the lab procedure, you should

• Figure out as you do the lab

• Try several methods until something works

• Ask the instructor for help before proceeding

• Skip it and go onto the next part

Multiple Choice

In a laboratory, the following should not be worn

• Dangling jewelry

• Loose clothing

• Sandals

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Personal eyeglasses provide as much protection as

• A face shield

• Safety glasses

• Splash proof chemical goggles

• None of the above