Unit 2b Review

Unit 2b Review

Test Description

• The test contains 16 questions-

• Photosynthesis/Cell Respiration (3)

• Homeostasis and Cell Membrane Transport (3)

• Protein Synthesis(4)

• Cell Organelle and Function (1)

• Cell Cycle and Mitosis (3)

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration cycle carbon and oxygen

• Photosynthesis takes in carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the air and water (H₂O) to make glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂)

• Cellular respiration then uses the glucose and oxygen to make water, oxygen, and ATP

Quick Facts

• Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast of plant cells and other autotrophs

• Cellular Respiration takes place in the mitochondria of heterotrophs

• The products of one reaction becomes the reactants of the other

Multiple Choice

Where does photosynthesis take place?

• Mitochondria

• Nucleus

• Chloroplast

• Ribosome

Multiple Choice

What are the products of cellular respiration?

• carbon dioxide and water

• carbon dioxide, ATP, and water

• glucose and oxygen

• ATP and glucose

Multiple Choice

In the picture above, what two processes are shown by letters A and B?

• A – photosynthesis, B - resipration

• A – respiration, B - excretion

• A – decomposition, B - excretion

• A – respiration, B - photosynthesis

Homeostasis and Cell Membrane Transport

• All living things respond to their environment to maintain homeostasis- a balance between their internal and external environment

• To do this, your cell membrane transports materials in and out of the cell

Passive transport

• Moves molecules from a high to low concentration and does not require ATP

• Diffusion- moves molecules across the membrane

• Facilitated Diffusion- moves larger molecules across the membrane with the help of larger molecules

• Osmosis- moves water across the membrane

Active Transport

• Requires ATP because it is moving molecules from low to high concentration

• Endocytosis- engulfing materials IN the cell

• Exocytosis- releasing materials OUT of the cell

Multiple Choice

Organisms maintain a balance between their cells and the external environment through the process of —

• homeostasis

• growth

• cellular respiration

• pH

Multiple Select

Select ALL process associated with membrane transport

• cell respiration

• osmosis

• diffusion

• photosynthesis

• active transport

Multiple Choice

Spraying air freshener into the air would be an example of what type of passive transport?

• osmosis

• endocotosis

• diffusion

• exocytosis

Multiple Choice

Which of these is an example of osmosis?

• The root hair cells of a plant absorb the higher concentration of water from the soil into the plant's body.

• The gills of a marine fish remove salt from the fish's body by pumping it into the ocean water.

• The LDL (low-density lipoprotein) from a human body carries cholesterol, which binds to LDL receptors on the cell surface.

• The digestive enzymes of a bear are secreted from cells that line the inner surface of various exocrine glands.

Protein Synthesis

• Protein synthesis takes place in the ribosome of the cell

• Proteins are just chains of amino acids folded in specific structures that operate many of your body functions

5 Steps of Making Proteins

• Part 1- Transcription

  1. In the nucleus, DNA unwinds its helix to rewrites the instructions to make proteins into mRNA - transcription

• 2. RNA leaves the nucleus to attach itself to the ribosome

5 Steps of Making Proteins

• Part 2- Translation

  3. Ribosome "reads" the instructions 3 bases at a time (codon)

• 4. tRNA in the cytoplasm attach the correct bases that code for an amino acid

• 5. The amino acids form a chain of protein

Multiple Choice

If a toxic chemical destroys the ribosomes, which cellular activity would be affected first ?

• cellular respiration

• photosynthesis

• protein synthesis

• DNA replication

Multiple Choice

The process from converting DNA to mRNA is

• transcription

• translation

• elongation

• decoding

Multiple Choice

What is the monomer (subunits) of a protein?

• monosaccharides

• amino acids

• fatty acids

• nucleotides

Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of the cell cycle?

• produce new proteins

• produce two new daughter cells that have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

• produce two new daughter cells that have the different number of chromosomes as the parent cell

• to make mutated cells

Multiple Choice

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell divides is called

• interphase

• prophase

• mitosis

• DNA synthesis

Multiple Choice

What phase of mitosis pulls the chromatids towards the end of the cells?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase