Learning & Memory

Biological Psychology

Learning & Memory

Multiple Choice

Pavlovian conditioning refers to learning.....

• instrumental relationships

• associative relationships

• perceptual details

• procedural knowledge

Multiple Choice

The Rescorla-Wagner states....?

• the amount learnt is dependent on the nature of the association.

• amount of information learnt it dependent on the person being able to predict the outcome accurately.

• the amount learnt is dependent on the prediction error.

Multiple Choice

When the association between the stimulus and reward has been learnt dopaminergic neurons fire........ at what time?

• when the reward is given

• when the conditioned stimulus is presented

• only when the conditioned stimulus is followed by a reward

Multiple Choice

If a conditioned stimulus is not followed by an expected reward dopaminergic midbrain neurons ................. their activity.

• increase

• decrease

• stabilise

Multiple Choice

Which brain area modulates its activity in line with prediction error?

• Nucleus Accumbens

• Substantia Nigra

• Dentate Gyrus

• Frontal Cortex

Multiple Choice

The study by Hare et al (2008) the activity of orbital frontal cortex activity is in line with......?

• prediction error

• expected reward value

• time of the reward

• the dopaminergic magnitude

Multiple Choice

What brain region is important for fear learning?

• Amygdala

• Prefrontal Cortex

• Hippocampus

• Cerebellum

Multiple Choice

The inhibition of the MARK/ERK pathway inhibits which protein that is involved in fear learning?

• APOE

• Arc

• COMT

• MreB

Multiple Choice

Time dependent stabilisation of memory within a brain area, taking place over minutes or days. Describes which process?

• Synaptic Stabilisation

• Synaptic Consolidation

• System Consolidation

• Cellular Consolidation

Multiple Choice

An infusion of NMDA antagonist to the amygdala blocks?

• procedural learning

• perceptual learning

• fear conditioning

• negative reinforcement

Multiple Choice

Which brain region is often studied when examining the acquisition of motor learning?

• Prefrontal cortex

• Amygdala

• Hippocampus

• Cerebellum

Multiple Choice

Neurons that fire together, wire together is a saying that describes.

• Synaptic Consolidation

• Synaptic Plasticity

• System Consolidation

• System Plasticity

Multiple Choice

LTP stands for .....

• Long Term Potentials

• Long Term Potentiation

• Late Turning Point

• Long Temp Potentiation

Multiple Choice

Long Term Potentiation is a process that results in

• increased sensitivity to the same input.

• reduced sensitivity to the same input.

Multiple Choice

The neurophysiological mechanism that underpins Pavlovian Conditioning is?

• Long Term Potentiation

• Associative Long Term Potentiation

• Long Term Depression

• Associative Long Term Depression

Multiple Choice

Procedural Memory involves learning.......?

• skills

• perceptual features

• associations

• facts

Multiple Choice

Long Term Depression is a process that results in

• decreased sensitivity to the same input

• increase sensitivity to the same input

Multiple Choice

What is an alternative term for conscious memory?

• Implicit

• Explicit

• Procedural

• Perceptual

Multiple Select

What are the two types of conscious memory that we examined? Select two.

• Episodic memory

• Procedural memory

• Semantic memory

• Perceptual memory

Multiple Choice

Damage to the perirhinal cortex is associated with an impairment in which type of memory?

• Semantic memory

• Episodic memory

• Procedural memory

• Perceptual memory

Multiple Choice

Spatial and episodic memory is associated with which brain region?

• Cerebellum

• Amygdala

• Hippocampus

• Perirhinal Cortex

Multiple Choice

KC had problems with which type of memory (his hippocampus had been destroyed)?

• Episodic memory

• Semantic memory

• Procedural memory

• Associative memory

Multiple Choice

Antegrade amnesia is problems with?

• Retrieval of memories less than 20 years old

• Retrieval of memories more than 20 years old

• Creation of new memories

Multiple Choice

With retrograde amnesia you see a temporal gradient. Which of the following options describes the pattern.

• Memories less than 5 years old are harder to retrieve.

• Memories more than 15 years old are harder to retrieve.

• Memories more than 10 years old are harder to retrieve.

• Memories less than 20 years old are harder to retrieve.

Multiple Choice

Lesioning a rats hippocampus 3 months after learning a maze impairs spatial memory. True or False.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

In the study by Haist et al (2001) what brain region demonstrated activity which corresponded to the temporal gradient demonstrated by retrograde amnesia?

• Perirhinal cortex

• Hippocampus

• Entorhinal cortex

• Dentate gyrus

Multiple Choice

System consolidation accepts the idea that retrograde amnesia presents with a temporally gradient in memory retrieval that becomes harder as memories become more recent. True or False?

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

System Consolidation suggest that there is a time dependent transformation in memory that ........?

• results in a change in dependence upon different brain areas.

• results in a modulation in memory strength.

• results in connections changing.

• results in a change in connection strength.

Multiple Choice

The hippocampus is optimally wired to encode information quickly and has strong connections throughout the brain. This means it is optimally placed to?

• Store information.

• Bind information together.

• Transfer information.

Multiple Choice

Which theory offers an alternative explanation to the temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia?

• Multiple systems theory

• Cellular consolidation theory

• Multiple trace theory

• Parallel representation theory